Reduction of Steiner Tree to Maximum Weight Connected Subgraph












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$begingroup$


I want to proof that the MWCS is an NP-hard problem by proofing that its decision version is NP-Complete. Below I have my proof so far and I hope people can give comments whether it can be formulated better. The MWCS problem (in my case) is defined as follows:



Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with vertex weights $w(v)$ and a positive integer $k$, find a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ such that $sum_{v in V'} w(v)$ is maximized.



The decision version is then given by:



Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with binary vertex weights $w(v)$ and positive integers $k$ and $r$, is there a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ and $w(V')geq r$ ?



Now we want to proof the following theorem: The decision version of the $MWCS$ problem is NP-complete, even if the vertex weights are restricted to be binary: $w(v) in {0,1}$ $forall v in V$.



Proof
For this proof we will use the decision version of the Steiner $l$-Tree $(ST(l))$ problem, which is defined as follows:



Given a graph $G' = (V,E)$, $R subseteq V$, an integer $l geq |R|$, is there a steiner tree $T=(V', E')$ in $G$ that spans R with $|V'| leq l$ ?



To reduce this problem to the decision version of the $MWCS$ problem, we introduce the mapping $f:I_{ST(l)} rightarrow I_{MWCS}$ that maps every instance of the Steiner $l$-Tree to an instance of the $MWCS$. If we can proof that this mapping maps every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$ and idem dito for every no-instance, then we have found a reduction from $ST(l)$ to $MWCS$.
The mapping $f$ is as follows:




  1. Create a node-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex
    $
    w(v) =
    begin{cases}
    1 & forall v in R\
    0 & forall v in V setminus R
    end{cases}
    $


  2. Set $k=l$ and $|R|=r$



Consider a yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: A Steiner tree $T$ of $q$ vertices ($q leq l$) and $q-1$ edges (since $T$ is a tree) which spans all vertices of $R$.
Then in $G=(V,E)$ this tree $T$ contains less or equal then $k$ vertices and contains $w(T) geq r$ since all vertices with $w(v)=1$ are contained in T by construction. Since a tree is a connected subgraph, $T$ is a connected subgraph. So every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.



Consider a no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: There is no Steiner Tree $T=(V', E')$ with $|V'| leq l$ that spans all $R$ vertices. This means that all Steiner trees contain $|V'| > k$ vertices. So in $G$, any subgraph $T$ with a weight $w(T) geq r$ contains more than $k$ vertices. If there would be a subgraph with $k$ vertices or less, then in $G$ there should be a steiner tree of $l$ vertices or less. But there is not since we are considering a no-instance. So every no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a no-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.
End of proof



I think the proof is quite oke, except for the no-instance part. Anyone suggestions to improve this?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$

















    1












    $begingroup$


    I want to proof that the MWCS is an NP-hard problem by proofing that its decision version is NP-Complete. Below I have my proof so far and I hope people can give comments whether it can be formulated better. The MWCS problem (in my case) is defined as follows:



    Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with vertex weights $w(v)$ and a positive integer $k$, find a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ such that $sum_{v in V'} w(v)$ is maximized.



    The decision version is then given by:



    Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with binary vertex weights $w(v)$ and positive integers $k$ and $r$, is there a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ and $w(V')geq r$ ?



    Now we want to proof the following theorem: The decision version of the $MWCS$ problem is NP-complete, even if the vertex weights are restricted to be binary: $w(v) in {0,1}$ $forall v in V$.



    Proof
    For this proof we will use the decision version of the Steiner $l$-Tree $(ST(l))$ problem, which is defined as follows:



    Given a graph $G' = (V,E)$, $R subseteq V$, an integer $l geq |R|$, is there a steiner tree $T=(V', E')$ in $G$ that spans R with $|V'| leq l$ ?



    To reduce this problem to the decision version of the $MWCS$ problem, we introduce the mapping $f:I_{ST(l)} rightarrow I_{MWCS}$ that maps every instance of the Steiner $l$-Tree to an instance of the $MWCS$. If we can proof that this mapping maps every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$ and idem dito for every no-instance, then we have found a reduction from $ST(l)$ to $MWCS$.
    The mapping $f$ is as follows:




    1. Create a node-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex
      $
      w(v) =
      begin{cases}
      1 & forall v in R\
      0 & forall v in V setminus R
      end{cases}
      $


    2. Set $k=l$ and $|R|=r$



    Consider a yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: A Steiner tree $T$ of $q$ vertices ($q leq l$) and $q-1$ edges (since $T$ is a tree) which spans all vertices of $R$.
    Then in $G=(V,E)$ this tree $T$ contains less or equal then $k$ vertices and contains $w(T) geq r$ since all vertices with $w(v)=1$ are contained in T by construction. Since a tree is a connected subgraph, $T$ is a connected subgraph. So every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.



    Consider a no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: There is no Steiner Tree $T=(V', E')$ with $|V'| leq l$ that spans all $R$ vertices. This means that all Steiner trees contain $|V'| > k$ vertices. So in $G$, any subgraph $T$ with a weight $w(T) geq r$ contains more than $k$ vertices. If there would be a subgraph with $k$ vertices or less, then in $G$ there should be a steiner tree of $l$ vertices or less. But there is not since we are considering a no-instance. So every no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a no-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.
    End of proof



    I think the proof is quite oke, except for the no-instance part. Anyone suggestions to improve this?










    share|cite|improve this question









    $endgroup$















      1












      1








      1





      $begingroup$


      I want to proof that the MWCS is an NP-hard problem by proofing that its decision version is NP-Complete. Below I have my proof so far and I hope people can give comments whether it can be formulated better. The MWCS problem (in my case) is defined as follows:



      Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with vertex weights $w(v)$ and a positive integer $k$, find a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ such that $sum_{v in V'} w(v)$ is maximized.



      The decision version is then given by:



      Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with binary vertex weights $w(v)$ and positive integers $k$ and $r$, is there a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ and $w(V')geq r$ ?



      Now we want to proof the following theorem: The decision version of the $MWCS$ problem is NP-complete, even if the vertex weights are restricted to be binary: $w(v) in {0,1}$ $forall v in V$.



      Proof
      For this proof we will use the decision version of the Steiner $l$-Tree $(ST(l))$ problem, which is defined as follows:



      Given a graph $G' = (V,E)$, $R subseteq V$, an integer $l geq |R|$, is there a steiner tree $T=(V', E')$ in $G$ that spans R with $|V'| leq l$ ?



      To reduce this problem to the decision version of the $MWCS$ problem, we introduce the mapping $f:I_{ST(l)} rightarrow I_{MWCS}$ that maps every instance of the Steiner $l$-Tree to an instance of the $MWCS$. If we can proof that this mapping maps every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$ and idem dito for every no-instance, then we have found a reduction from $ST(l)$ to $MWCS$.
      The mapping $f$ is as follows:




      1. Create a node-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex
        $
        w(v) =
        begin{cases}
        1 & forall v in R\
        0 & forall v in V setminus R
        end{cases}
        $


      2. Set $k=l$ and $|R|=r$



      Consider a yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: A Steiner tree $T$ of $q$ vertices ($q leq l$) and $q-1$ edges (since $T$ is a tree) which spans all vertices of $R$.
      Then in $G=(V,E)$ this tree $T$ contains less or equal then $k$ vertices and contains $w(T) geq r$ since all vertices with $w(v)=1$ are contained in T by construction. Since a tree is a connected subgraph, $T$ is a connected subgraph. So every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.



      Consider a no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: There is no Steiner Tree $T=(V', E')$ with $|V'| leq l$ that spans all $R$ vertices. This means that all Steiner trees contain $|V'| > k$ vertices. So in $G$, any subgraph $T$ with a weight $w(T) geq r$ contains more than $k$ vertices. If there would be a subgraph with $k$ vertices or less, then in $G$ there should be a steiner tree of $l$ vertices or less. But there is not since we are considering a no-instance. So every no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a no-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.
      End of proof



      I think the proof is quite oke, except for the no-instance part. Anyone suggestions to improve this?










      share|cite|improve this question









      $endgroup$




      I want to proof that the MWCS is an NP-hard problem by proofing that its decision version is NP-Complete. Below I have my proof so far and I hope people can give comments whether it can be formulated better. The MWCS problem (in my case) is defined as follows:



      Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with vertex weights $w(v)$ and a positive integer $k$, find a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ such that $sum_{v in V'} w(v)$ is maximized.



      The decision version is then given by:



      Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with binary vertex weights $w(v)$ and positive integers $k$ and $r$, is there a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ and $w(V')geq r$ ?



      Now we want to proof the following theorem: The decision version of the $MWCS$ problem is NP-complete, even if the vertex weights are restricted to be binary: $w(v) in {0,1}$ $forall v in V$.



      Proof
      For this proof we will use the decision version of the Steiner $l$-Tree $(ST(l))$ problem, which is defined as follows:



      Given a graph $G' = (V,E)$, $R subseteq V$, an integer $l geq |R|$, is there a steiner tree $T=(V', E')$ in $G$ that spans R with $|V'| leq l$ ?



      To reduce this problem to the decision version of the $MWCS$ problem, we introduce the mapping $f:I_{ST(l)} rightarrow I_{MWCS}$ that maps every instance of the Steiner $l$-Tree to an instance of the $MWCS$. If we can proof that this mapping maps every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$ and idem dito for every no-instance, then we have found a reduction from $ST(l)$ to $MWCS$.
      The mapping $f$ is as follows:




      1. Create a node-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex
        $
        w(v) =
        begin{cases}
        1 & forall v in R\
        0 & forall v in V setminus R
        end{cases}
        $


      2. Set $k=l$ and $|R|=r$



      Consider a yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: A Steiner tree $T$ of $q$ vertices ($q leq l$) and $q-1$ edges (since $T$ is a tree) which spans all vertices of $R$.
      Then in $G=(V,E)$ this tree $T$ contains less or equal then $k$ vertices and contains $w(T) geq r$ since all vertices with $w(v)=1$ are contained in T by construction. Since a tree is a connected subgraph, $T$ is a connected subgraph. So every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.



      Consider a no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: There is no Steiner Tree $T=(V', E')$ with $|V'| leq l$ that spans all $R$ vertices. This means that all Steiner trees contain $|V'| > k$ vertices. So in $G$, any subgraph $T$ with a weight $w(T) geq r$ contains more than $k$ vertices. If there would be a subgraph with $k$ vertices or less, then in $G$ there should be a steiner tree of $l$ vertices or less. But there is not since we are considering a no-instance. So every no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a no-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.
      End of proof



      I think the proof is quite oke, except for the no-instance part. Anyone suggestions to improve this?







      connectedness trees np-complete






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      asked Dec 1 '18 at 9:25









      JordenJorden

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