Reduction of Steiner Tree to Maximum Weight Connected Subgraph












1












$begingroup$


I want to proof that the MWCS is an NP-hard problem by proofing that its decision version is NP-Complete. Below I have my proof so far and I hope people can give comments whether it can be formulated better. The MWCS problem (in my case) is defined as follows:



Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with vertex weights $w(v)$ and a positive integer $k$, find a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ such that $sum_{v in V'} w(v)$ is maximized.



The decision version is then given by:



Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with binary vertex weights $w(v)$ and positive integers $k$ and $r$, is there a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ and $w(V')geq r$ ?



Now we want to proof the following theorem: The decision version of the $MWCS$ problem is NP-complete, even if the vertex weights are restricted to be binary: $w(v) in {0,1}$ $forall v in V$.



Proof
For this proof we will use the decision version of the Steiner $l$-Tree $(ST(l))$ problem, which is defined as follows:



Given a graph $G' = (V,E)$, $R subseteq V$, an integer $l geq |R|$, is there a steiner tree $T=(V', E')$ in $G$ that spans R with $|V'| leq l$ ?



To reduce this problem to the decision version of the $MWCS$ problem, we introduce the mapping $f:I_{ST(l)} rightarrow I_{MWCS}$ that maps every instance of the Steiner $l$-Tree to an instance of the $MWCS$. If we can proof that this mapping maps every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$ and idem dito for every no-instance, then we have found a reduction from $ST(l)$ to $MWCS$.
The mapping $f$ is as follows:




  1. Create a node-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex
    $
    w(v) =
    begin{cases}
    1 & forall v in R\
    0 & forall v in V setminus R
    end{cases}
    $


  2. Set $k=l$ and $|R|=r$



Consider a yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: A Steiner tree $T$ of $q$ vertices ($q leq l$) and $q-1$ edges (since $T$ is a tree) which spans all vertices of $R$.
Then in $G=(V,E)$ this tree $T$ contains less or equal then $k$ vertices and contains $w(T) geq r$ since all vertices with $w(v)=1$ are contained in T by construction. Since a tree is a connected subgraph, $T$ is a connected subgraph. So every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.



Consider a no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: There is no Steiner Tree $T=(V', E')$ with $|V'| leq l$ that spans all $R$ vertices. This means that all Steiner trees contain $|V'| > k$ vertices. So in $G$, any subgraph $T$ with a weight $w(T) geq r$ contains more than $k$ vertices. If there would be a subgraph with $k$ vertices or less, then in $G$ there should be a steiner tree of $l$ vertices or less. But there is not since we are considering a no-instance. So every no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a no-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.
End of proof



I think the proof is quite oke, except for the no-instance part. Anyone suggestions to improve this?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$

















    1












    $begingroup$


    I want to proof that the MWCS is an NP-hard problem by proofing that its decision version is NP-Complete. Below I have my proof so far and I hope people can give comments whether it can be formulated better. The MWCS problem (in my case) is defined as follows:



    Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with vertex weights $w(v)$ and a positive integer $k$, find a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ such that $sum_{v in V'} w(v)$ is maximized.



    The decision version is then given by:



    Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with binary vertex weights $w(v)$ and positive integers $k$ and $r$, is there a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ and $w(V')geq r$ ?



    Now we want to proof the following theorem: The decision version of the $MWCS$ problem is NP-complete, even if the vertex weights are restricted to be binary: $w(v) in {0,1}$ $forall v in V$.



    Proof
    For this proof we will use the decision version of the Steiner $l$-Tree $(ST(l))$ problem, which is defined as follows:



    Given a graph $G' = (V,E)$, $R subseteq V$, an integer $l geq |R|$, is there a steiner tree $T=(V', E')$ in $G$ that spans R with $|V'| leq l$ ?



    To reduce this problem to the decision version of the $MWCS$ problem, we introduce the mapping $f:I_{ST(l)} rightarrow I_{MWCS}$ that maps every instance of the Steiner $l$-Tree to an instance of the $MWCS$. If we can proof that this mapping maps every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$ and idem dito for every no-instance, then we have found a reduction from $ST(l)$ to $MWCS$.
    The mapping $f$ is as follows:




    1. Create a node-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex
      $
      w(v) =
      begin{cases}
      1 & forall v in R\
      0 & forall v in V setminus R
      end{cases}
      $


    2. Set $k=l$ and $|R|=r$



    Consider a yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: A Steiner tree $T$ of $q$ vertices ($q leq l$) and $q-1$ edges (since $T$ is a tree) which spans all vertices of $R$.
    Then in $G=(V,E)$ this tree $T$ contains less or equal then $k$ vertices and contains $w(T) geq r$ since all vertices with $w(v)=1$ are contained in T by construction. Since a tree is a connected subgraph, $T$ is a connected subgraph. So every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.



    Consider a no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: There is no Steiner Tree $T=(V', E')$ with $|V'| leq l$ that spans all $R$ vertices. This means that all Steiner trees contain $|V'| > k$ vertices. So in $G$, any subgraph $T$ with a weight $w(T) geq r$ contains more than $k$ vertices. If there would be a subgraph with $k$ vertices or less, then in $G$ there should be a steiner tree of $l$ vertices or less. But there is not since we are considering a no-instance. So every no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a no-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.
    End of proof



    I think the proof is quite oke, except for the no-instance part. Anyone suggestions to improve this?










    share|cite|improve this question









    $endgroup$















      1












      1








      1





      $begingroup$


      I want to proof that the MWCS is an NP-hard problem by proofing that its decision version is NP-Complete. Below I have my proof so far and I hope people can give comments whether it can be formulated better. The MWCS problem (in my case) is defined as follows:



      Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with vertex weights $w(v)$ and a positive integer $k$, find a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ such that $sum_{v in V'} w(v)$ is maximized.



      The decision version is then given by:



      Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with binary vertex weights $w(v)$ and positive integers $k$ and $r$, is there a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ and $w(V')geq r$ ?



      Now we want to proof the following theorem: The decision version of the $MWCS$ problem is NP-complete, even if the vertex weights are restricted to be binary: $w(v) in {0,1}$ $forall v in V$.



      Proof
      For this proof we will use the decision version of the Steiner $l$-Tree $(ST(l))$ problem, which is defined as follows:



      Given a graph $G' = (V,E)$, $R subseteq V$, an integer $l geq |R|$, is there a steiner tree $T=(V', E')$ in $G$ that spans R with $|V'| leq l$ ?



      To reduce this problem to the decision version of the $MWCS$ problem, we introduce the mapping $f:I_{ST(l)} rightarrow I_{MWCS}$ that maps every instance of the Steiner $l$-Tree to an instance of the $MWCS$. If we can proof that this mapping maps every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$ and idem dito for every no-instance, then we have found a reduction from $ST(l)$ to $MWCS$.
      The mapping $f$ is as follows:




      1. Create a node-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex
        $
        w(v) =
        begin{cases}
        1 & forall v in R\
        0 & forall v in V setminus R
        end{cases}
        $


      2. Set $k=l$ and $|R|=r$



      Consider a yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: A Steiner tree $T$ of $q$ vertices ($q leq l$) and $q-1$ edges (since $T$ is a tree) which spans all vertices of $R$.
      Then in $G=(V,E)$ this tree $T$ contains less or equal then $k$ vertices and contains $w(T) geq r$ since all vertices with $w(v)=1$ are contained in T by construction. Since a tree is a connected subgraph, $T$ is a connected subgraph. So every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.



      Consider a no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: There is no Steiner Tree $T=(V', E')$ with $|V'| leq l$ that spans all $R$ vertices. This means that all Steiner trees contain $|V'| > k$ vertices. So in $G$, any subgraph $T$ with a weight $w(T) geq r$ contains more than $k$ vertices. If there would be a subgraph with $k$ vertices or less, then in $G$ there should be a steiner tree of $l$ vertices or less. But there is not since we are considering a no-instance. So every no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a no-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.
      End of proof



      I think the proof is quite oke, except for the no-instance part. Anyone suggestions to improve this?










      share|cite|improve this question









      $endgroup$




      I want to proof that the MWCS is an NP-hard problem by proofing that its decision version is NP-Complete. Below I have my proof so far and I hope people can give comments whether it can be formulated better. The MWCS problem (in my case) is defined as follows:



      Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with vertex weights $w(v)$ and a positive integer $k$, find a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ such that $sum_{v in V'} w(v)$ is maximized.



      The decision version is then given by:



      Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with binary vertex weights $w(v)$ and positive integers $k$ and $r$, is there a connected subgraph $(V',E')$ with $|V'| leq k$ and $w(V')geq r$ ?



      Now we want to proof the following theorem: The decision version of the $MWCS$ problem is NP-complete, even if the vertex weights are restricted to be binary: $w(v) in {0,1}$ $forall v in V$.



      Proof
      For this proof we will use the decision version of the Steiner $l$-Tree $(ST(l))$ problem, which is defined as follows:



      Given a graph $G' = (V,E)$, $R subseteq V$, an integer $l geq |R|$, is there a steiner tree $T=(V', E')$ in $G$ that spans R with $|V'| leq l$ ?



      To reduce this problem to the decision version of the $MWCS$ problem, we introduce the mapping $f:I_{ST(l)} rightarrow I_{MWCS}$ that maps every instance of the Steiner $l$-Tree to an instance of the $MWCS$. If we can proof that this mapping maps every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$ and idem dito for every no-instance, then we have found a reduction from $ST(l)$ to $MWCS$.
      The mapping $f$ is as follows:




      1. Create a node-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex
        $
        w(v) =
        begin{cases}
        1 & forall v in R\
        0 & forall v in V setminus R
        end{cases}
        $


      2. Set $k=l$ and $|R|=r$



      Consider a yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: A Steiner tree $T$ of $q$ vertices ($q leq l$) and $q-1$ edges (since $T$ is a tree) which spans all vertices of $R$.
      Then in $G=(V,E)$ this tree $T$ contains less or equal then $k$ vertices and contains $w(T) geq r$ since all vertices with $w(v)=1$ are contained in T by construction. Since a tree is a connected subgraph, $T$ is a connected subgraph. So every yes-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a yes-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.



      Consider a no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$: There is no Steiner Tree $T=(V', E')$ with $|V'| leq l$ that spans all $R$ vertices. This means that all Steiner trees contain $|V'| > k$ vertices. So in $G$, any subgraph $T$ with a weight $w(T) geq r$ contains more than $k$ vertices. If there would be a subgraph with $k$ vertices or less, then in $G$ there should be a steiner tree of $l$ vertices or less. But there is not since we are considering a no-instance. So every no-instance of $I_{ST(l)}$ will be mapped to a no-instance of $I_{MWCS}$.
      End of proof



      I think the proof is quite oke, except for the no-instance part. Anyone suggestions to improve this?







      connectedness trees np-complete






      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question











      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question










      asked Dec 1 '18 at 9:25









      JordenJorden

      113




      113






















          0






          active

          oldest

          votes











          Your Answer





          StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
          return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
          StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
          StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
          });
          });
          }, "mathjax-editing");

          StackExchange.ready(function() {
          var channelOptions = {
          tags: "".split(" "),
          id: "69"
          };
          initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

          StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
          // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
          if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
          StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
          createEditor();
          });
          }
          else {
          createEditor();
          }
          });

          function createEditor() {
          StackExchange.prepareEditor({
          heartbeatType: 'answer',
          autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
          convertImagesToLinks: true,
          noModals: true,
          showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
          reputationToPostImages: 10,
          bindNavPrevention: true,
          postfix: "",
          imageUploader: {
          brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
          contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
          allowUrls: true
          },
          noCode: true, onDemand: true,
          discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
          ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
          });


          }
          });














          draft saved

          draft discarded


















          StackExchange.ready(
          function () {
          StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3021160%2freduction-of-steiner-tree-to-maximum-weight-connected-subgraph%23new-answer', 'question_page');
          }
          );

          Post as a guest















          Required, but never shown

























          0






          active

          oldest

          votes








          0






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes
















          draft saved

          draft discarded




















































          Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!


          • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

          But avoid



          • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

          • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


          Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


          To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




          draft saved


          draft discarded














          StackExchange.ready(
          function () {
          StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3021160%2freduction-of-steiner-tree-to-maximum-weight-connected-subgraph%23new-answer', 'question_page');
          }
          );

          Post as a guest















          Required, but never shown





















































          Required, but never shown














          Required, but never shown












          Required, but never shown







          Required, but never shown

































          Required, but never shown














          Required, but never shown












          Required, but never shown







          Required, but never shown







          Popular posts from this blog

          Plaza Victoria

          In PowerPoint, is there a keyboard shortcut for bulleted / numbered list?

          How to put 3 figures in Latex with 2 figures side by side and 1 below these side by side images but in...