Attempt at sequence proof $frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}$ converges to $0$











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Prove convergence of the following sequence: $$frac{n+3}{n^2 -3} rightarrow 0$$




Proof discussion:



Notice that since whenever $n>3$, we have $n^2 -3 >0$, we also know that $n+3 >0$, so $frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}>0$. This means we can drop the absolute value signs in:
$$ left|frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}-0right|=frac{n+3}{n^2 -3} $$
We now notice that for $n>3$ also $n^2 -9>0$ and $n^2 -3 > n^2 -9$ so $frac{1}{n^2 -3}< frac{1}{n^2 -9}$ we can thus write:
$$frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}<frac{n+3}{n^2 -9}=frac{(n+3)}{(n+3)(n-3)}=frac{1}{n-3} $$



To be able to complete this proof we want that $frac{1}{n-3}<epsilon$, we write $n-3>frac{1}{epsilon}$ or $n> frac{1}{epsilon} +3$. If we pick $n_0 =lceilfrac{1}{epsilon} +3rceil$, it will also be automatically larger than $3$. We can now write our proof:



Proof:
For all $epsilon>0$, we let $n_0=lceil{frac{1}{epsilon}+3 }rceil$ then for all $n>n_0$, we know that:



$$|a_n-0|=left|frac{n+3}{n^2-3} right|<frac{n+3}{n^2-9}=frac{1}{n-3}< frac{1}{frac{1}{epsilon}+3-3}=epsilon$$
And hence our sequence converges to $0$ $square$.



Is my proof okay?










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  • 1




    I think you should make explicit that since $epsilon>0$, then $n_0geq 4$, so the denominator in $leftlvertfrac{n+3}{n^2-3}rightrvert$ is positive, so you can remove the absolute value sign. Otherwise, I think the proof is perfect.
    – YiFan
    Nov 16 at 7:16






  • 1




    Yes, perfect! Just another small mistake: twice you wrote $epsilon$ instead of $1/epsilon$. I guess it was just a type since you continued correctly.
    – maxmilgram
    Nov 16 at 7:17










  • I do make the case that the denominator is positive, It's in the first line.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:02










  • Maybe I should say it explicitly.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:03















up vote
4
down vote

favorite
1













Prove convergence of the following sequence: $$frac{n+3}{n^2 -3} rightarrow 0$$




Proof discussion:



Notice that since whenever $n>3$, we have $n^2 -3 >0$, we also know that $n+3 >0$, so $frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}>0$. This means we can drop the absolute value signs in:
$$ left|frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}-0right|=frac{n+3}{n^2 -3} $$
We now notice that for $n>3$ also $n^2 -9>0$ and $n^2 -3 > n^2 -9$ so $frac{1}{n^2 -3}< frac{1}{n^2 -9}$ we can thus write:
$$frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}<frac{n+3}{n^2 -9}=frac{(n+3)}{(n+3)(n-3)}=frac{1}{n-3} $$



To be able to complete this proof we want that $frac{1}{n-3}<epsilon$, we write $n-3>frac{1}{epsilon}$ or $n> frac{1}{epsilon} +3$. If we pick $n_0 =lceilfrac{1}{epsilon} +3rceil$, it will also be automatically larger than $3$. We can now write our proof:



Proof:
For all $epsilon>0$, we let $n_0=lceil{frac{1}{epsilon}+3 }rceil$ then for all $n>n_0$, we know that:



$$|a_n-0|=left|frac{n+3}{n^2-3} right|<frac{n+3}{n^2-9}=frac{1}{n-3}< frac{1}{frac{1}{epsilon}+3-3}=epsilon$$
And hence our sequence converges to $0$ $square$.



Is my proof okay?










share|cite|improve this question




















  • 1




    I think you should make explicit that since $epsilon>0$, then $n_0geq 4$, so the denominator in $leftlvertfrac{n+3}{n^2-3}rightrvert$ is positive, so you can remove the absolute value sign. Otherwise, I think the proof is perfect.
    – YiFan
    Nov 16 at 7:16






  • 1




    Yes, perfect! Just another small mistake: twice you wrote $epsilon$ instead of $1/epsilon$. I guess it was just a type since you continued correctly.
    – maxmilgram
    Nov 16 at 7:17










  • I do make the case that the denominator is positive, It's in the first line.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:02










  • Maybe I should say it explicitly.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:03













up vote
4
down vote

favorite
1









up vote
4
down vote

favorite
1






1






Prove convergence of the following sequence: $$frac{n+3}{n^2 -3} rightarrow 0$$




Proof discussion:



Notice that since whenever $n>3$, we have $n^2 -3 >0$, we also know that $n+3 >0$, so $frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}>0$. This means we can drop the absolute value signs in:
$$ left|frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}-0right|=frac{n+3}{n^2 -3} $$
We now notice that for $n>3$ also $n^2 -9>0$ and $n^2 -3 > n^2 -9$ so $frac{1}{n^2 -3}< frac{1}{n^2 -9}$ we can thus write:
$$frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}<frac{n+3}{n^2 -9}=frac{(n+3)}{(n+3)(n-3)}=frac{1}{n-3} $$



To be able to complete this proof we want that $frac{1}{n-3}<epsilon$, we write $n-3>frac{1}{epsilon}$ or $n> frac{1}{epsilon} +3$. If we pick $n_0 =lceilfrac{1}{epsilon} +3rceil$, it will also be automatically larger than $3$. We can now write our proof:



Proof:
For all $epsilon>0$, we let $n_0=lceil{frac{1}{epsilon}+3 }rceil$ then for all $n>n_0$, we know that:



$$|a_n-0|=left|frac{n+3}{n^2-3} right|<frac{n+3}{n^2-9}=frac{1}{n-3}< frac{1}{frac{1}{epsilon}+3-3}=epsilon$$
And hence our sequence converges to $0$ $square$.



Is my proof okay?










share|cite|improve this question
















Prove convergence of the following sequence: $$frac{n+3}{n^2 -3} rightarrow 0$$




Proof discussion:



Notice that since whenever $n>3$, we have $n^2 -3 >0$, we also know that $n+3 >0$, so $frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}>0$. This means we can drop the absolute value signs in:
$$ left|frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}-0right|=frac{n+3}{n^2 -3} $$
We now notice that for $n>3$ also $n^2 -9>0$ and $n^2 -3 > n^2 -9$ so $frac{1}{n^2 -3}< frac{1}{n^2 -9}$ we can thus write:
$$frac{n+3}{n^2 -3}<frac{n+3}{n^2 -9}=frac{(n+3)}{(n+3)(n-3)}=frac{1}{n-3} $$



To be able to complete this proof we want that $frac{1}{n-3}<epsilon$, we write $n-3>frac{1}{epsilon}$ or $n> frac{1}{epsilon} +3$. If we pick $n_0 =lceilfrac{1}{epsilon} +3rceil$, it will also be automatically larger than $3$. We can now write our proof:



Proof:
For all $epsilon>0$, we let $n_0=lceil{frac{1}{epsilon}+3 }rceil$ then for all $n>n_0$, we know that:



$$|a_n-0|=left|frac{n+3}{n^2-3} right|<frac{n+3}{n^2-9}=frac{1}{n-3}< frac{1}{frac{1}{epsilon}+3-3}=epsilon$$
And hence our sequence converges to $0$ $square$.



Is my proof okay?







real-analysis sequences-and-series proof-verification epsilon-delta






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share|cite|improve this question













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edited Nov 16 at 17:22

























asked Nov 16 at 7:11









WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo

1,064321




1,064321








  • 1




    I think you should make explicit that since $epsilon>0$, then $n_0geq 4$, so the denominator in $leftlvertfrac{n+3}{n^2-3}rightrvert$ is positive, so you can remove the absolute value sign. Otherwise, I think the proof is perfect.
    – YiFan
    Nov 16 at 7:16






  • 1




    Yes, perfect! Just another small mistake: twice you wrote $epsilon$ instead of $1/epsilon$. I guess it was just a type since you continued correctly.
    – maxmilgram
    Nov 16 at 7:17










  • I do make the case that the denominator is positive, It's in the first line.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:02










  • Maybe I should say it explicitly.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:03














  • 1




    I think you should make explicit that since $epsilon>0$, then $n_0geq 4$, so the denominator in $leftlvertfrac{n+3}{n^2-3}rightrvert$ is positive, so you can remove the absolute value sign. Otherwise, I think the proof is perfect.
    – YiFan
    Nov 16 at 7:16






  • 1




    Yes, perfect! Just another small mistake: twice you wrote $epsilon$ instead of $1/epsilon$. I guess it was just a type since you continued correctly.
    – maxmilgram
    Nov 16 at 7:17










  • I do make the case that the denominator is positive, It's in the first line.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:02










  • Maybe I should say it explicitly.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:03








1




1




I think you should make explicit that since $epsilon>0$, then $n_0geq 4$, so the denominator in $leftlvertfrac{n+3}{n^2-3}rightrvert$ is positive, so you can remove the absolute value sign. Otherwise, I think the proof is perfect.
– YiFan
Nov 16 at 7:16




I think you should make explicit that since $epsilon>0$, then $n_0geq 4$, so the denominator in $leftlvertfrac{n+3}{n^2-3}rightrvert$ is positive, so you can remove the absolute value sign. Otherwise, I think the proof is perfect.
– YiFan
Nov 16 at 7:16




1




1




Yes, perfect! Just another small mistake: twice you wrote $epsilon$ instead of $1/epsilon$. I guess it was just a type since you continued correctly.
– maxmilgram
Nov 16 at 7:17




Yes, perfect! Just another small mistake: twice you wrote $epsilon$ instead of $1/epsilon$. I guess it was just a type since you continued correctly.
– maxmilgram
Nov 16 at 7:17












I do make the case that the denominator is positive, It's in the first line.
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:02




I do make the case that the denominator is positive, It's in the first line.
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:02












Maybe I should say it explicitly.
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:03




Maybe I should say it explicitly.
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:03










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
2
down vote



accepted










Yup, the proof is correct.



Also, "we write $n-3>color{blue}{frac1{epsilon}}$"






share|cite|improve this answer























  • Why is this an inequality and not an equality? we can just cancel the $n+3$ right?
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 16:58






  • 1




    oops, you are right. I made a mistake.
    – Siong Thye Goh
    Nov 16 at 17:01










  • Thank you. I did do a typo :) you were right about that
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:03








  • 1




    huzzah! I've done it :D
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:14


















up vote
2
down vote













Alternatively, decompose



$$frac{n+3}{n^2-3}=frac1{n-sqrt3}+(3-sqrt3)frac1{n^2-3}$$



and the two terms are of the form $dfrac1infty$.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • That could work later on in the course, right now I am not yet allowed to use this.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:41










  • I realised this is okay since sequences map to $mathbb{R}$, so you can write it in this manner.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:42










  • @WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo: isn't $epsilon$ in $mathbb R$ ?
    – Yves Daoust
    Nov 16 at 17:43










  • Yes, of course :)
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:48











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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes








2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes








up vote
2
down vote



accepted










Yup, the proof is correct.



Also, "we write $n-3>color{blue}{frac1{epsilon}}$"






share|cite|improve this answer























  • Why is this an inequality and not an equality? we can just cancel the $n+3$ right?
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 16:58






  • 1




    oops, you are right. I made a mistake.
    – Siong Thye Goh
    Nov 16 at 17:01










  • Thank you. I did do a typo :) you were right about that
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:03








  • 1




    huzzah! I've done it :D
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:14















up vote
2
down vote



accepted










Yup, the proof is correct.



Also, "we write $n-3>color{blue}{frac1{epsilon}}$"






share|cite|improve this answer























  • Why is this an inequality and not an equality? we can just cancel the $n+3$ right?
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 16:58






  • 1




    oops, you are right. I made a mistake.
    – Siong Thye Goh
    Nov 16 at 17:01










  • Thank you. I did do a typo :) you were right about that
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:03








  • 1




    huzzah! I've done it :D
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:14













up vote
2
down vote



accepted







up vote
2
down vote



accepted






Yup, the proof is correct.



Also, "we write $n-3>color{blue}{frac1{epsilon}}$"






share|cite|improve this answer














Yup, the proof is correct.



Also, "we write $n-3>color{blue}{frac1{epsilon}}$"







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Nov 16 at 17:02

























answered Nov 16 at 7:16









Siong Thye Goh

94.9k1462115




94.9k1462115












  • Why is this an inequality and not an equality? we can just cancel the $n+3$ right?
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 16:58






  • 1




    oops, you are right. I made a mistake.
    – Siong Thye Goh
    Nov 16 at 17:01










  • Thank you. I did do a typo :) you were right about that
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:03








  • 1




    huzzah! I've done it :D
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:14


















  • Why is this an inequality and not an equality? we can just cancel the $n+3$ right?
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 16:58






  • 1




    oops, you are right. I made a mistake.
    – Siong Thye Goh
    Nov 16 at 17:01










  • Thank you. I did do a typo :) you were right about that
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:03








  • 1




    huzzah! I've done it :D
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:14
















Why is this an inequality and not an equality? we can just cancel the $n+3$ right?
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 16:58




Why is this an inequality and not an equality? we can just cancel the $n+3$ right?
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 16:58




1




1




oops, you are right. I made a mistake.
– Siong Thye Goh
Nov 16 at 17:01




oops, you are right. I made a mistake.
– Siong Thye Goh
Nov 16 at 17:01












Thank you. I did do a typo :) you were right about that
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:03






Thank you. I did do a typo :) you were right about that
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:03






1




1




huzzah! I've done it :D
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:14




huzzah! I've done it :D
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:14










up vote
2
down vote













Alternatively, decompose



$$frac{n+3}{n^2-3}=frac1{n-sqrt3}+(3-sqrt3)frac1{n^2-3}$$



and the two terms are of the form $dfrac1infty$.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • That could work later on in the course, right now I am not yet allowed to use this.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:41










  • I realised this is okay since sequences map to $mathbb{R}$, so you can write it in this manner.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:42










  • @WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo: isn't $epsilon$ in $mathbb R$ ?
    – Yves Daoust
    Nov 16 at 17:43










  • Yes, of course :)
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:48















up vote
2
down vote













Alternatively, decompose



$$frac{n+3}{n^2-3}=frac1{n-sqrt3}+(3-sqrt3)frac1{n^2-3}$$



and the two terms are of the form $dfrac1infty$.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • That could work later on in the course, right now I am not yet allowed to use this.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:41










  • I realised this is okay since sequences map to $mathbb{R}$, so you can write it in this manner.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:42










  • @WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo: isn't $epsilon$ in $mathbb R$ ?
    – Yves Daoust
    Nov 16 at 17:43










  • Yes, of course :)
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:48













up vote
2
down vote










up vote
2
down vote









Alternatively, decompose



$$frac{n+3}{n^2-3}=frac1{n-sqrt3}+(3-sqrt3)frac1{n^2-3}$$



and the two terms are of the form $dfrac1infty$.






share|cite|improve this answer












Alternatively, decompose



$$frac{n+3}{n^2-3}=frac1{n-sqrt3}+(3-sqrt3)frac1{n^2-3}$$



and the two terms are of the form $dfrac1infty$.







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Nov 16 at 17:28









Yves Daoust

122k668217




122k668217












  • That could work later on in the course, right now I am not yet allowed to use this.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:41










  • I realised this is okay since sequences map to $mathbb{R}$, so you can write it in this manner.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:42










  • @WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo: isn't $epsilon$ in $mathbb R$ ?
    – Yves Daoust
    Nov 16 at 17:43










  • Yes, of course :)
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:48


















  • That could work later on in the course, right now I am not yet allowed to use this.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:41










  • I realised this is okay since sequences map to $mathbb{R}$, so you can write it in this manner.
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:42










  • @WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo: isn't $epsilon$ in $mathbb R$ ?
    – Yves Daoust
    Nov 16 at 17:43










  • Yes, of course :)
    – WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
    Nov 16 at 17:48
















That could work later on in the course, right now I am not yet allowed to use this.
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:41




That could work later on in the course, right now I am not yet allowed to use this.
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:41












I realised this is okay since sequences map to $mathbb{R}$, so you can write it in this manner.
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:42




I realised this is okay since sequences map to $mathbb{R}$, so you can write it in this manner.
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:42












@WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo: isn't $epsilon$ in $mathbb R$ ?
– Yves Daoust
Nov 16 at 17:43




@WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo: isn't $epsilon$ in $mathbb R$ ?
– Yves Daoust
Nov 16 at 17:43












Yes, of course :)
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:48




Yes, of course :)
– WesleyGroupshaveFeelingsToo
Nov 16 at 17:48


















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