Tangents parallel to one another and finding the perpendicular of a vector function











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We have
$$x(t)=
begin{pmatrix}
1+t \
t^2-t \
1-t^2 \
end{pmatrix}$$



Part 1



Are there $2$ points $x(t_1)$, $x(t_2)$, such that the function’s tangent vectors
at these points are parallel to each other? Find such points, or show that none
exist.



$$x'(t)=
begin{pmatrix}
1 \
2t-1 \
-2t\
end{pmatrix}$$




I tried to search online but how can I prove that they are parallel to each other if I can't even find the points? I got stumped at $2t^2-2t+1=0$



Basically I get a negative in a square root. And that would lead to no solution for t. My answer is wrong... or is the answer scheme wrong?




Part 2



Given the point $x(2)$, is there a second point such that the tangent
vectors are perpendicular to each other? Find such a point or show that it
doesn’t exist.




How can I find the second point? And to prove that they are perpendicular do I have to differentiate twice?



I would appreciate some guidance.











share|cite|improve this question
























  • How did you end up with that quadratic equation?
    – amd
    22 hours ago










  • Have you tried using the fact that two vectors are parallel if $v_1=lambda v_2$ for some $lambda$.
    – memerson
    21 hours ago












  • @amd Idk the word for it in english. I first found the magnitude(?) from the function. Then I Just simplified it.
    – Naochi
    21 hours ago










  • @memerson I did not know you could do that! I will give it a go.
    – Naochi
    21 hours ago






  • 1




    @memerson Since we’re in $mathbb R^3$ we can avoid introducing an extraneous variable by instead using $v_1times v_2=0$ as the condition for parallelism, which produces two independent equations.
    – amd
    9 hours ago















up vote
0
down vote

favorite












We have
$$x(t)=
begin{pmatrix}
1+t \
t^2-t \
1-t^2 \
end{pmatrix}$$



Part 1



Are there $2$ points $x(t_1)$, $x(t_2)$, such that the function’s tangent vectors
at these points are parallel to each other? Find such points, or show that none
exist.



$$x'(t)=
begin{pmatrix}
1 \
2t-1 \
-2t\
end{pmatrix}$$




I tried to search online but how can I prove that they are parallel to each other if I can't even find the points? I got stumped at $2t^2-2t+1=0$



Basically I get a negative in a square root. And that would lead to no solution for t. My answer is wrong... or is the answer scheme wrong?




Part 2



Given the point $x(2)$, is there a second point such that the tangent
vectors are perpendicular to each other? Find such a point or show that it
doesn’t exist.




How can I find the second point? And to prove that they are perpendicular do I have to differentiate twice?



I would appreciate some guidance.











share|cite|improve this question
























  • How did you end up with that quadratic equation?
    – amd
    22 hours ago










  • Have you tried using the fact that two vectors are parallel if $v_1=lambda v_2$ for some $lambda$.
    – memerson
    21 hours ago












  • @amd Idk the word for it in english. I first found the magnitude(?) from the function. Then I Just simplified it.
    – Naochi
    21 hours ago










  • @memerson I did not know you could do that! I will give it a go.
    – Naochi
    21 hours ago






  • 1




    @memerson Since we’re in $mathbb R^3$ we can avoid introducing an extraneous variable by instead using $v_1times v_2=0$ as the condition for parallelism, which produces two independent equations.
    – amd
    9 hours ago













up vote
0
down vote

favorite









up vote
0
down vote

favorite











We have
$$x(t)=
begin{pmatrix}
1+t \
t^2-t \
1-t^2 \
end{pmatrix}$$



Part 1



Are there $2$ points $x(t_1)$, $x(t_2)$, such that the function’s tangent vectors
at these points are parallel to each other? Find such points, or show that none
exist.



$$x'(t)=
begin{pmatrix}
1 \
2t-1 \
-2t\
end{pmatrix}$$




I tried to search online but how can I prove that they are parallel to each other if I can't even find the points? I got stumped at $2t^2-2t+1=0$



Basically I get a negative in a square root. And that would lead to no solution for t. My answer is wrong... or is the answer scheme wrong?




Part 2



Given the point $x(2)$, is there a second point such that the tangent
vectors are perpendicular to each other? Find such a point or show that it
doesn’t exist.




How can I find the second point? And to prove that they are perpendicular do I have to differentiate twice?



I would appreciate some guidance.











share|cite|improve this question















We have
$$x(t)=
begin{pmatrix}
1+t \
t^2-t \
1-t^2 \
end{pmatrix}$$



Part 1



Are there $2$ points $x(t_1)$, $x(t_2)$, such that the function’s tangent vectors
at these points are parallel to each other? Find such points, or show that none
exist.



$$x'(t)=
begin{pmatrix}
1 \
2t-1 \
-2t\
end{pmatrix}$$




I tried to search online but how can I prove that they are parallel to each other if I can't even find the points? I got stumped at $2t^2-2t+1=0$



Basically I get a negative in a square root. And that would lead to no solution for t. My answer is wrong... or is the answer scheme wrong?




Part 2



Given the point $x(2)$, is there a second point such that the tangent
vectors are perpendicular to each other? Find such a point or show that it
doesn’t exist.




How can I find the second point? And to prove that they are perpendicular do I have to differentiate twice?



I would appreciate some guidance.








calculus functional-analysis derivatives vectors vector-analysis






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edited 20 hours ago









Ng Chung Tak

13.5k31234




13.5k31234










asked 22 hours ago









Naochi

346




346












  • How did you end up with that quadratic equation?
    – amd
    22 hours ago










  • Have you tried using the fact that two vectors are parallel if $v_1=lambda v_2$ for some $lambda$.
    – memerson
    21 hours ago












  • @amd Idk the word for it in english. I first found the magnitude(?) from the function. Then I Just simplified it.
    – Naochi
    21 hours ago










  • @memerson I did not know you could do that! I will give it a go.
    – Naochi
    21 hours ago






  • 1




    @memerson Since we’re in $mathbb R^3$ we can avoid introducing an extraneous variable by instead using $v_1times v_2=0$ as the condition for parallelism, which produces two independent equations.
    – amd
    9 hours ago


















  • How did you end up with that quadratic equation?
    – amd
    22 hours ago










  • Have you tried using the fact that two vectors are parallel if $v_1=lambda v_2$ for some $lambda$.
    – memerson
    21 hours ago












  • @amd Idk the word for it in english. I first found the magnitude(?) from the function. Then I Just simplified it.
    – Naochi
    21 hours ago










  • @memerson I did not know you could do that! I will give it a go.
    – Naochi
    21 hours ago






  • 1




    @memerson Since we’re in $mathbb R^3$ we can avoid introducing an extraneous variable by instead using $v_1times v_2=0$ as the condition for parallelism, which produces two independent equations.
    – amd
    9 hours ago
















How did you end up with that quadratic equation?
– amd
22 hours ago




How did you end up with that quadratic equation?
– amd
22 hours ago












Have you tried using the fact that two vectors are parallel if $v_1=lambda v_2$ for some $lambda$.
– memerson
21 hours ago






Have you tried using the fact that two vectors are parallel if $v_1=lambda v_2$ for some $lambda$.
– memerson
21 hours ago














@amd Idk the word for it in english. I first found the magnitude(?) from the function. Then I Just simplified it.
– Naochi
21 hours ago




@amd Idk the word for it in english. I first found the magnitude(?) from the function. Then I Just simplified it.
– Naochi
21 hours ago












@memerson I did not know you could do that! I will give it a go.
– Naochi
21 hours ago




@memerson I did not know you could do that! I will give it a go.
– Naochi
21 hours ago




1




1




@memerson Since we’re in $mathbb R^3$ we can avoid introducing an extraneous variable by instead using $v_1times v_2=0$ as the condition for parallelism, which produces two independent equations.
– amd
9 hours ago




@memerson Since we’re in $mathbb R^3$ we can avoid introducing an extraneous variable by instead using $v_1times v_2=0$ as the condition for parallelism, which produces two independent equations.
– amd
9 hours ago










1 Answer
1






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I am just expanding memerson's comment:



Part 1



The tangent vectors at time $t_1$ and $t_2$ are parallel if:
$$
begin{pmatrix}
1 \
2t_1-1 \
-2t_1 \
end{pmatrix}
=lambda
begin{pmatrix}
1 \
2t_2-1 \
-2t_2 \
end{pmatrix}$$



as you can see this is simply impossible if $lambdaneq1$ and $lambda=1implies$ $t_1$ and $t_2$ are the same time point.



Part 2
The tangent vector at any point is given by
$$
begin{pmatrix}
1 \
2t-1 \
-2t \
end{pmatrix}$$

at $x(2)$ the tangent vector is given by $(1,3-4)$. Therefore we need to find a time $t_1$ such that the tangents are perpendicular or the inner product(dot product) is zero.
$$(1,3,-4)cdot(1,2t_1-1,-2t_1)=0\
implies 1 +6t_1 -3 +8t_1=0\
implies t_1=frac{1}{7}
$$






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    up vote
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    I am just expanding memerson's comment:



    Part 1



    The tangent vectors at time $t_1$ and $t_2$ are parallel if:
    $$
    begin{pmatrix}
    1 \
    2t_1-1 \
    -2t_1 \
    end{pmatrix}
    =lambda
    begin{pmatrix}
    1 \
    2t_2-1 \
    -2t_2 \
    end{pmatrix}$$



    as you can see this is simply impossible if $lambdaneq1$ and $lambda=1implies$ $t_1$ and $t_2$ are the same time point.



    Part 2
    The tangent vector at any point is given by
    $$
    begin{pmatrix}
    1 \
    2t-1 \
    -2t \
    end{pmatrix}$$

    at $x(2)$ the tangent vector is given by $(1,3-4)$. Therefore we need to find a time $t_1$ such that the tangents are perpendicular or the inner product(dot product) is zero.
    $$(1,3,-4)cdot(1,2t_1-1,-2t_1)=0\
    implies 1 +6t_1 -3 +8t_1=0\
    implies t_1=frac{1}{7}
    $$






    share|cite|improve this answer

























      up vote
      0
      down vote













      I am just expanding memerson's comment:



      Part 1



      The tangent vectors at time $t_1$ and $t_2$ are parallel if:
      $$
      begin{pmatrix}
      1 \
      2t_1-1 \
      -2t_1 \
      end{pmatrix}
      =lambda
      begin{pmatrix}
      1 \
      2t_2-1 \
      -2t_2 \
      end{pmatrix}$$



      as you can see this is simply impossible if $lambdaneq1$ and $lambda=1implies$ $t_1$ and $t_2$ are the same time point.



      Part 2
      The tangent vector at any point is given by
      $$
      begin{pmatrix}
      1 \
      2t-1 \
      -2t \
      end{pmatrix}$$

      at $x(2)$ the tangent vector is given by $(1,3-4)$. Therefore we need to find a time $t_1$ such that the tangents are perpendicular or the inner product(dot product) is zero.
      $$(1,3,-4)cdot(1,2t_1-1,-2t_1)=0\
      implies 1 +6t_1 -3 +8t_1=0\
      implies t_1=frac{1}{7}
      $$






      share|cite|improve this answer























        up vote
        0
        down vote










        up vote
        0
        down vote









        I am just expanding memerson's comment:



        Part 1



        The tangent vectors at time $t_1$ and $t_2$ are parallel if:
        $$
        begin{pmatrix}
        1 \
        2t_1-1 \
        -2t_1 \
        end{pmatrix}
        =lambda
        begin{pmatrix}
        1 \
        2t_2-1 \
        -2t_2 \
        end{pmatrix}$$



        as you can see this is simply impossible if $lambdaneq1$ and $lambda=1implies$ $t_1$ and $t_2$ are the same time point.



        Part 2
        The tangent vector at any point is given by
        $$
        begin{pmatrix}
        1 \
        2t-1 \
        -2t \
        end{pmatrix}$$

        at $x(2)$ the tangent vector is given by $(1,3-4)$. Therefore we need to find a time $t_1$ such that the tangents are perpendicular or the inner product(dot product) is zero.
        $$(1,3,-4)cdot(1,2t_1-1,-2t_1)=0\
        implies 1 +6t_1 -3 +8t_1=0\
        implies t_1=frac{1}{7}
        $$






        share|cite|improve this answer












        I am just expanding memerson's comment:



        Part 1



        The tangent vectors at time $t_1$ and $t_2$ are parallel if:
        $$
        begin{pmatrix}
        1 \
        2t_1-1 \
        -2t_1 \
        end{pmatrix}
        =lambda
        begin{pmatrix}
        1 \
        2t_2-1 \
        -2t_2 \
        end{pmatrix}$$



        as you can see this is simply impossible if $lambdaneq1$ and $lambda=1implies$ $t_1$ and $t_2$ are the same time point.



        Part 2
        The tangent vector at any point is given by
        $$
        begin{pmatrix}
        1 \
        2t-1 \
        -2t \
        end{pmatrix}$$

        at $x(2)$ the tangent vector is given by $(1,3-4)$. Therefore we need to find a time $t_1$ such that the tangents are perpendicular or the inner product(dot product) is zero.
        $$(1,3,-4)cdot(1,2t_1-1,-2t_1)=0\
        implies 1 +6t_1 -3 +8t_1=0\
        implies t_1=frac{1}{7}
        $$







        share|cite|improve this answer












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        answered 16 hours ago









        zenith

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