Ambiguity of definition of substitution in lambda calculus
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From Type Theory and Formal Proof, An Introduction by Rob Nederpelt and Herman Geuvers:
Definition 1.6.1 (Substitution)
(1a) $x[x := N] equiv N$,
(1b) $y[x := N] equiv y$ if $x not equiv y$,
(2) $(PQ)[x := N] equiv (P[x := N])(Q[x := N])$,
(3) $(lambda y . P)[x := N] equiv lambda z . (P^{y to z} [x := N])$, if $lambda z . P^{y to z}$ is an $alpha$-variant of $lambda y . P$ such that $z notin FV(N)$.
If I look at $(lambda y . y)[y := a]$ then it seems that I can have either:
$(lambda y . y)[y := a] = lambda y . (y[y := a]) = lambda y . a$
or
$(lambda y . y)[y := a] = lambda z . (z[y := a]) = lambda z . z$
These are very different. Have I missed something in the definition?
lambda-calculus
asked Dec 19 '18 at 23:09
user695931user695931
17511
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
From Type Theory and Formal Proof, An Introduction by Rob Nederpelt and Herman Geuvers:
Definition 1.6.1 (Substitution)
(1a) $x[x := N] equiv N$,
(1b) $y[x := N] equiv y$ if $x not equiv y$,
(2) $(PQ)[x := N] equiv (P[x := N])(Q[x := N])$,
(3) $(lambda y . P)[x := N] equiv lambda z . (P^{y to z} [x := N])$, if $lambda z . P^{y to z}$ is an $alpha$-variant of $lambda y . P$ such that $z notin FV(N)$.
If I look at $(lambda y . y)[y := a]$ then it seems that I can have either:
$(lambda y . y)[y := a] = lambda y . (y[y := a]) = lambda y . a$
or
$(lambda y . y)[y := a] = lambda z . (z[y := a]) = lambda z . z$
These are very different. Have I missed something in the definition?
lambda-calculus
asked Dec 19 '18 at 23:09
user695931user695931
17511
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Maybe (3) is missing the condition that you should have $z notequiv x$ which would invalidate the first substitution? (Not sure, not being completely familiar with the notation being used here - but the first result is definitely the suspect one.)
$endgroup$
– Daniel Schepler
Dec 19 '18 at 23:20
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The wikipedia definition seems to differ from this one: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 0:49
add a comment |
$begingroup$
From Type Theory and Formal Proof, An Introduction by Rob Nederpelt and Herman Geuvers:
Definition 1.6.1 (Substitution)
(1a) $x[x := N] equiv N$,
(1b) $y[x := N] equiv y$ if $x not equiv y$,
(2) $(PQ)[x := N] equiv (P[x := N])(Q[x := N])$,
(3) $(lambda y . P)[x := N] equiv lambda z . (P^{y to z} [x := N])$, if $lambda z . P^{y to z}$ is an $alpha$-variant of $lambda y . P$ such that $z notin FV(N)$.
If I look at $(lambda y . y)[y := a]$ then it seems that I can have either:
$(lambda y . y)[y := a] = lambda y . (y[y := a]) = lambda y . a$
or
$(lambda y . y)[y := a] = lambda z . (z[y := a]) = lambda z . z$
These are very different. Have I missed something in the definition?
lambda-calculus
asked Dec 19 '18 at 23:09
user695931user695931
17511
$endgroup$
From Type Theory and Formal Proof, An Introduction by Rob Nederpelt and Herman Geuvers:
Definition 1.6.1 (Substitution)
(1a) $x[x := N] equiv N$,
(1b) $y[x := N] equiv y$ if $x not equiv y$,
(2) $(PQ)[x := N] equiv (P[x := N])(Q[x := N])$,
(3) $(lambda y . P)[x := N] equiv lambda z . (P^{y to z} [x := N])$, if $lambda z . P^{y to z}$ is an $alpha$-variant of $lambda y . P$ such that $z notin FV(N)$.
If I look at $(lambda y . y)[y := a]$ then it seems that I can have either:
$(lambda y . y)[y := a] = lambda y . (y[y := a]) = lambda y . a$
or
$(lambda y . y)[y := a] = lambda z . (z[y := a]) = lambda z . z$
These are very different. Have I missed something in the definition?
lambda-calculus
lambda-calculus
asked Dec 19 '18 at 23:09
user695931user695931
17511
asked Dec 19 '18 at 23:09
user695931user695931
17511
asked Dec 19 '18 at 23:09
user695931user695931
17511
asked Dec 19 '18 at 23:09
user695931user695931
17511
asked Dec 19 '18 at 23:09
user695931user695931
17511
17511
$begingroup$
Maybe (3) is missing the condition that you should have $z notequiv x$ which would invalidate the first substitution? (Not sure, not being completely familiar with the notation being used here - but the first result is definitely the suspect one.)
$endgroup$
– Daniel Schepler
Dec 19 '18 at 23:20
$begingroup$
The wikipedia definition seems to differ from this one: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 0:49
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Maybe (3) is missing the condition that you should have $z notequiv x$ which would invalidate the first substitution? (Not sure, not being completely familiar with the notation being used here - but the first result is definitely the suspect one.)
$endgroup$
– Daniel Schepler
Dec 19 '18 at 23:20
$begingroup$
The wikipedia definition seems to differ from this one: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 0:49
$begingroup$
Maybe (3) is missing the condition that you should have $z notequiv x$ which would invalidate the first substitution? (Not sure, not being completely familiar with the notation being used here - but the first result is definitely the suspect one.)
$endgroup$
– Daniel Schepler
Dec 19 '18 at 23:20
$begingroup$
Maybe (3) is missing the condition that you should have $z notequiv x$ which would invalidate the first substitution? (Not sure, not being completely familiar with the notation being used here - but the first result is definitely the suspect one.)
$endgroup$
– Daniel Schepler
Dec 19 '18 at 23:20
$begingroup$
The wikipedia definition seems to differ from this one: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 0:49
$begingroup$
The wikipedia definition seems to differ from this one: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 0:49
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Clearly, $lambda y. a$ and $lambda z.z$ are different (in the sense of not $alpha$-equivalent) terms.
Actually, $(lambda y. y)[y := a] = lambda z. z = lambda y. y,$ (up to $alpha$-equivalence) and there is no ambiguity.
Indeed, according to definition 1.6.1 in Nederpelt' and Geuvers' handbook, $(lambda y.y)[y:=a] neq lambda y.(y[y:=a])$ because in general $lambda z . P^{y to z}$ is defined provided that $z notin FV(P)$ (see definition 1.5.1) and this condition does not hold in $lambda y.y$ (where $z = y = P$).
answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:28
TaroccoesbroccoTaroccoesbrocco
5,77971840
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I thought it would hold by remark 1.6.3 (1)?
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 1:05
1
$begingroup$
@user695931 - In Remark 1.6.3 (1) it is implicitly assumed that $x neq y$. Remind the intuitive meaning of substitution (explained just before definition 1.6.1): $M[x := N]$ stands for $M$ in which $N$ has been substituted for the free variable $x$. Clearly, in $M = lambda y. P$ the variable $y$ is bound, so if $x = y$ then $(lambda y.P)[x := N]) = lambda y.P$ (no substitution is performed): this is exactly what happens for $(lambda y.y)[y:=a]$.
$endgroup$
– Taroccoesbrocco
Dec 20 '18 at 9:04
$begingroup$
I guess this makes sense. It seems confusing that they made the condition $x not equiv y$ explicit in 1b, but not here. The wikipedia version seems a bit clearer: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 15:32
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
Clearly, $lambda y. a$ and $lambda z.z$ are different (in the sense of not $alpha$-equivalent) terms.
Actually, $(lambda y. y)[y := a] = lambda z. z = lambda y. y,$ (up to $alpha$-equivalence) and there is no ambiguity.
Indeed, according to definition 1.6.1 in Nederpelt' and Geuvers' handbook, $(lambda y.y)[y:=a] neq lambda y.(y[y:=a])$ because in general $lambda z . P^{y to z}$ is defined provided that $z notin FV(P)$ (see definition 1.5.1) and this condition does not hold in $lambda y.y$ (where $z = y = P$).
answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:28
TaroccoesbroccoTaroccoesbrocco
5,77971840
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I thought it would hold by remark 1.6.3 (1)?
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 1:05
1
$begingroup$
@user695931 - In Remark 1.6.3 (1) it is implicitly assumed that $x neq y$. Remind the intuitive meaning of substitution (explained just before definition 1.6.1): $M[x := N]$ stands for $M$ in which $N$ has been substituted for the free variable $x$. Clearly, in $M = lambda y. P$ the variable $y$ is bound, so if $x = y$ then $(lambda y.P)[x := N]) = lambda y.P$ (no substitution is performed): this is exactly what happens for $(lambda y.y)[y:=a]$.
$endgroup$
– Taroccoesbrocco
Dec 20 '18 at 9:04
$begingroup$
I guess this makes sense. It seems confusing that they made the condition $x not equiv y$ explicit in 1b, but not here. The wikipedia version seems a bit clearer: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 15:32
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Clearly, $lambda y. a$ and $lambda z.z$ are different (in the sense of not $alpha$-equivalent) terms.
Actually, $(lambda y. y)[y := a] = lambda z. z = lambda y. y,$ (up to $alpha$-equivalence) and there is no ambiguity.
Indeed, according to definition 1.6.1 in Nederpelt' and Geuvers' handbook, $(lambda y.y)[y:=a] neq lambda y.(y[y:=a])$ because in general $lambda z . P^{y to z}$ is defined provided that $z notin FV(P)$ (see definition 1.5.1) and this condition does not hold in $lambda y.y$ (where $z = y = P$).
answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:28
TaroccoesbroccoTaroccoesbrocco
5,77971840
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I thought it would hold by remark 1.6.3 (1)?
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 1:05
1
$begingroup$
@user695931 - In Remark 1.6.3 (1) it is implicitly assumed that $x neq y$. Remind the intuitive meaning of substitution (explained just before definition 1.6.1): $M[x := N]$ stands for $M$ in which $N$ has been substituted for the free variable $x$. Clearly, in $M = lambda y. P$ the variable $y$ is bound, so if $x = y$ then $(lambda y.P)[x := N]) = lambda y.P$ (no substitution is performed): this is exactly what happens for $(lambda y.y)[y:=a]$.
$endgroup$
– Taroccoesbrocco
Dec 20 '18 at 9:04
$begingroup$
I guess this makes sense. It seems confusing that they made the condition $x not equiv y$ explicit in 1b, but not here. The wikipedia version seems a bit clearer: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 15:32
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Clearly, $lambda y. a$ and $lambda z.z$ are different (in the sense of not $alpha$-equivalent) terms.
Actually, $(lambda y. y)[y := a] = lambda z. z = lambda y. y,$ (up to $alpha$-equivalence) and there is no ambiguity.
Indeed, according to definition 1.6.1 in Nederpelt' and Geuvers' handbook, $(lambda y.y)[y:=a] neq lambda y.(y[y:=a])$ because in general $lambda z . P^{y to z}$ is defined provided that $z notin FV(P)$ (see definition 1.5.1) and this condition does not hold in $lambda y.y$ (where $z = y = P$).
answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:28
TaroccoesbroccoTaroccoesbrocco
5,77971840
$endgroup$
Clearly, $lambda y. a$ and $lambda z.z$ are different (in the sense of not $alpha$-equivalent) terms.
Actually, $(lambda y. y)[y := a] = lambda z. z = lambda y. y,$ (up to $alpha$-equivalence) and there is no ambiguity.
Indeed, according to definition 1.6.1 in Nederpelt' and Geuvers' handbook, $(lambda y.y)[y:=a] neq lambda y.(y[y:=a])$ because in general $lambda z . P^{y to z}$ is defined provided that $z notin FV(P)$ (see definition 1.5.1) and this condition does not hold in $lambda y.y$ (where $z = y = P$).
answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:28
TaroccoesbroccoTaroccoesbrocco
5,77971840
answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:28
TaroccoesbroccoTaroccoesbrocco
5,77971840
answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:28
TaroccoesbroccoTaroccoesbrocco
5,77971840
answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:28
TaroccoesbroccoTaroccoesbrocco
5,77971840
5,77971840
$begingroup$
I thought it would hold by remark 1.6.3 (1)?
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 1:05
1
$begingroup$
@user695931 - In Remark 1.6.3 (1) it is implicitly assumed that $x neq y$. Remind the intuitive meaning of substitution (explained just before definition 1.6.1): $M[x := N]$ stands for $M$ in which $N$ has been substituted for the free variable $x$. Clearly, in $M = lambda y. P$ the variable $y$ is bound, so if $x = y$ then $(lambda y.P)[x := N]) = lambda y.P$ (no substitution is performed): this is exactly what happens for $(lambda y.y)[y:=a]$.
$endgroup$
– Taroccoesbrocco
Dec 20 '18 at 9:04
$begingroup$
I guess this makes sense. It seems confusing that they made the condition $x not equiv y$ explicit in 1b, but not here. The wikipedia version seems a bit clearer: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 15:32
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I thought it would hold by remark 1.6.3 (1)?
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 1:05
1
$begingroup$
@user695931 - In Remark 1.6.3 (1) it is implicitly assumed that $x neq y$. Remind the intuitive meaning of substitution (explained just before definition 1.6.1): $M[x := N]$ stands for $M$ in which $N$ has been substituted for the free variable $x$. Clearly, in $M = lambda y. P$ the variable $y$ is bound, so if $x = y$ then $(lambda y.P)[x := N]) = lambda y.P$ (no substitution is performed): this is exactly what happens for $(lambda y.y)[y:=a]$.
$endgroup$
– Taroccoesbrocco
Dec 20 '18 at 9:04
$begingroup$
I guess this makes sense. It seems confusing that they made the condition $x not equiv y$ explicit in 1b, but not here. The wikipedia version seems a bit clearer: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 15:32
$begingroup$
I thought it would hold by remark 1.6.3 (1)?
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 1:05
$begingroup$
I thought it would hold by remark 1.6.3 (1)?
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 1:05
1
1
$begingroup$
@user695931 - In Remark 1.6.3 (1) it is implicitly assumed that $x neq y$. Remind the intuitive meaning of substitution (explained just before definition 1.6.1): $M[x := N]$ stands for $M$ in which $N$ has been substituted for the free variable $x$. Clearly, in $M = lambda y. P$ the variable $y$ is bound, so if $x = y$ then $(lambda y.P)[x := N]) = lambda y.P$ (no substitution is performed): this is exactly what happens for $(lambda y.y)[y:=a]$.
$endgroup$
– Taroccoesbrocco
Dec 20 '18 at 9:04
$begingroup$
@user695931 - In Remark 1.6.3 (1) it is implicitly assumed that $x neq y$. Remind the intuitive meaning of substitution (explained just before definition 1.6.1): $M[x := N]$ stands for $M$ in which $N$ has been substituted for the free variable $x$. Clearly, in $M = lambda y. P$ the variable $y$ is bound, so if $x = y$ then $(lambda y.P)[x := N]) = lambda y.P$ (no substitution is performed): this is exactly what happens for $(lambda y.y)[y:=a]$.
$endgroup$
– Taroccoesbrocco
Dec 20 '18 at 9:04
$begingroup$
I guess this makes sense. It seems confusing that they made the condition $x not equiv y$ explicit in 1b, but not here. The wikipedia version seems a bit clearer: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 15:32
$begingroup$
I guess this makes sense. It seems confusing that they made the condition $x not equiv y$ explicit in 1b, but not here. The wikipedia version seems a bit clearer: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 15:32
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
Maybe (3) is missing the condition that you should have $z notequiv x$ which would invalidate the first substitution? (Not sure, not being completely familiar with the notation being used here - but the first result is definitely the suspect one.)
$endgroup$
– Daniel Schepler
Dec 19 '18 at 23:20
$begingroup$
The wikipedia definition seems to differ from this one: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus#Substitution
$endgroup$
– user695931
Dec 20 '18 at 0:49