Are multiple articles needed in genitive list?
If the English sentence were
It was a time of happiness, peace and joy.
would the German be the following?
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und der Freude
That seems clumsy to me, but I also don't think a construction like
eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und (der?) Freude
is permissible.
articles genitive list
edited Apr 3 at 10:11
Iris
6,98722050
asked Apr 2 at 4:04
user3059201user3059201
512
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add a comment |
If the English sentence were
It was a time of happiness, peace and joy.
would the German be the following?
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und der Freude
That seems clumsy to me, but I also don't think a construction like
eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und (der?) Freude
is permissible.
articles genitive list
edited Apr 3 at 10:11
Iris
6,98722050
asked Apr 2 at 4:04
user3059201user3059201
512
New contributor
user3059201 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
Welcome to German SE and thanks for this good question!
– Philipp
Apr 2 at 5:54
1
You used the Oxford Comma in German, and omitted it in English. Strange.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 9:35
I corrected a minor spelling mistake and a wrong comma. In German, there is no comma in a list before the "und":des Glücks, des Friedens [kein Komma] und der Freude. See: "Das Komma bei Reihungen (Aufzählungen)" duden.de/sprachwissen/rechtschreibregeln/komma
– Iris
Apr 3 at 10:14
@Janka - I did not know that such thing exists :) - well, I'm only basic english speaker ;-) my quick source: grammarly.com/blog/…
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 3 at 10:50
1
To clarify: in German, using that comma before und in a list is a punctuation error. A comma before und indicates a new main clause, not the end of a list of items.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 11:45
add a comment |
If the English sentence were
It was a time of happiness, peace and joy.
would the German be the following?
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und der Freude
That seems clumsy to me, but I also don't think a construction like
eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und (der?) Freude
is permissible.
articles genitive list
edited Apr 3 at 10:11
Iris
6,98722050
asked Apr 2 at 4:04
user3059201user3059201
512
New contributor
user3059201 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
If the English sentence were
It was a time of happiness, peace and joy.
would the German be the following?
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und der Freude
That seems clumsy to me, but I also don't think a construction like
eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und (der?) Freude
is permissible.
articles genitive list
articles genitive list
edited Apr 3 at 10:11
Iris
6,98722050
asked Apr 2 at 4:04
user3059201user3059201
512
New contributor
user3059201 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited Apr 3 at 10:11
Iris
6,98722050
asked Apr 2 at 4:04
user3059201user3059201
512
New contributor
user3059201 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited Apr 3 at 10:11
Iris
6,98722050
edited Apr 3 at 10:11
Iris
6,98722050
edited Apr 3 at 10:11
Iris
6,98722050
6,98722050
asked Apr 2 at 4:04
user3059201user3059201
512
New contributor
user3059201 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
asked Apr 2 at 4:04
user3059201user3059201
512
asked Apr 2 at 4:04
user3059201user3059201
512
512
New contributor
user3059201 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
user3059201 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
user3059201 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
Welcome to German SE and thanks for this good question!
– Philipp
Apr 2 at 5:54
1
You used the Oxford Comma in German, and omitted it in English. Strange.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 9:35
I corrected a minor spelling mistake and a wrong comma. In German, there is no comma in a list before the "und":des Glücks, des Friedens [kein Komma] und der Freude. See: "Das Komma bei Reihungen (Aufzählungen)" duden.de/sprachwissen/rechtschreibregeln/komma
– Iris
Apr 3 at 10:14
@Janka - I did not know that such thing exists :) - well, I'm only basic english speaker ;-) my quick source: grammarly.com/blog/…
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 3 at 10:50
1
To clarify: in German, using that comma before und in a list is a punctuation error. A comma before und indicates a new main clause, not the end of a list of items.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 11:45
add a comment |
Welcome to German SE and thanks for this good question!
– Philipp
Apr 2 at 5:54
1
You used the Oxford Comma in German, and omitted it in English. Strange.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 9:35
I corrected a minor spelling mistake and a wrong comma. In German, there is no comma in a list before the "und":des Glücks, des Friedens [kein Komma] und der Freude. See: "Das Komma bei Reihungen (Aufzählungen)" duden.de/sprachwissen/rechtschreibregeln/komma
– Iris
Apr 3 at 10:14
@Janka - I did not know that such thing exists :) - well, I'm only basic english speaker ;-) my quick source: grammarly.com/blog/…
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 3 at 10:50
1
To clarify: in German, using that comma before und in a list is a punctuation error. A comma before und indicates a new main clause, not the end of a list of items.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 11:45
Welcome to German SE and thanks for this good question!
– Philipp
Apr 2 at 5:54
Welcome to German SE and thanks for this good question!
– Philipp
Apr 2 at 5:54
1
1
You used the Oxford Comma in German, and omitted it in English. Strange.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 9:35
You used the Oxford Comma in German, and omitted it in English. Strange.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 9:35
I corrected a minor spelling mistake and a wrong comma. In German, there is no comma in a list before the "und":
des Glücks, des Friedens [kein Komma] und der Freude. See: "Das Komma bei Reihungen (Aufzählungen)" duden.de/sprachwissen/rechtschreibregeln/komma– Iris
Apr 3 at 10:14
I corrected a minor spelling mistake and a wrong comma. In German, there is no comma in a list before the "und":
des Glücks, des Friedens [kein Komma] und der Freude. See: "Das Komma bei Reihungen (Aufzählungen)" duden.de/sprachwissen/rechtschreibregeln/komma– Iris
Apr 3 at 10:14
@Janka - I did not know that such thing exists :) - well, I'm only basic english speaker ;-) my quick source: grammarly.com/blog/…
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 3 at 10:50
@Janka - I did not know that such thing exists :) - well, I'm only basic english speaker ;-) my quick source: grammarly.com/blog/…
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 3 at 10:50
1
1
To clarify: in German, using that comma before und in a list is a punctuation error. A comma before und indicates a new main clause, not the end of a list of items.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 11:45
To clarify: in German, using that comma before und in a list is a punctuation error. A comma before und indicates a new main clause, not the end of a list of items.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 11:45
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive.
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins
The genitive is, while still present, one of the rarer cases in German.
So, while you can omit repeated articles in lists, you might want to refrain from doing so to clearly mark the genitive. Note I changed your example - mixed articles (omitted/present) in lists in genitive sound, while grammatically entirely correct, a bit awkward to a native speaker. So I would rather use your example as
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und der Freude
instead of
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und der Freude
But that detail is more a matter of style than of grammar.
answered Apr 2 at 6:32
tofrotofro
44.2k146133
I guess you wanted to note "if you omit articles they should be omitted after the first article for the entire list"? Because that is what I read from your examples. (and I could not find a different example atm)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 12:59
@ShegitBrahm Yep - you simply avoid repetition, but the first one must be present
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:07
(k, I meant it as hint for you with the small Zaunspfahl to integrate it in your answer, would be only difference so far that's why I didn't want to create a separate one)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 14:19
1
@ShegitBrahm I think the first sentence of my answer covers that point. "Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive"
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:21
1
@vectory I'm not so sure that the question was how to avoid saying something, but rather how to do it properly.
– tofro
Apr 2 at 20:20
|
show 1 more comment
As an addition to tofro's answer I only want to point out/ stress some hints from the comments:
If you want to omit repeated articles than you often (not always*) need the first and (always) omit the rest.
You just have to be aware which nouns are part of your list to have omitted articles.
In comparison the two examples:
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, der Gefallenen und der Vermissten des Krieges.=>
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges.
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und des fröhlichen Zusammenseins.=>
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins.
As you might see: des Kriegesis in genitive but not part of the list.
*As vectory points out, you can even have sentence constructions to omit all articles:
Eine Zeit voll Glück und Frieden. Im Gedenken an Verletzte, Gefallene und Vermisste des Krieges.
When to omit and when not?
In my opinion it depends on overall context. With the articles I can stress more the nouns, without it is more a "long concatenated list".
That is why I would prefer an die Verletzten, ... because it is feels like a reverent moment speaking about it. In other cases they make the sentence longer and I guess in speaking I would more likely omit them while in writing put the articles there. Or maybe just thinking about the sentence let me put them in and not long thinking omits them. Good question.
answered Apr 3 at 8:13
Shegit BrahmShegit Brahm
66719
add a comment |
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
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active
oldest
votes
Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive.
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins
The genitive is, while still present, one of the rarer cases in German.
So, while you can omit repeated articles in lists, you might want to refrain from doing so to clearly mark the genitive. Note I changed your example - mixed articles (omitted/present) in lists in genitive sound, while grammatically entirely correct, a bit awkward to a native speaker. So I would rather use your example as
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und der Freude
instead of
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und der Freude
But that detail is more a matter of style than of grammar.
answered Apr 2 at 6:32
tofrotofro
44.2k146133
I guess you wanted to note "if you omit articles they should be omitted after the first article for the entire list"? Because that is what I read from your examples. (and I could not find a different example atm)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 12:59
@ShegitBrahm Yep - you simply avoid repetition, but the first one must be present
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:07
(k, I meant it as hint for you with the small Zaunspfahl to integrate it in your answer, would be only difference so far that's why I didn't want to create a separate one)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 14:19
1
@ShegitBrahm I think the first sentence of my answer covers that point. "Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive"
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:21
1
@vectory I'm not so sure that the question was how to avoid saying something, but rather how to do it properly.
– tofro
Apr 2 at 20:20
|
show 1 more comment
Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive.
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins
The genitive is, while still present, one of the rarer cases in German.
So, while you can omit repeated articles in lists, you might want to refrain from doing so to clearly mark the genitive. Note I changed your example - mixed articles (omitted/present) in lists in genitive sound, while grammatically entirely correct, a bit awkward to a native speaker. So I would rather use your example as
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und der Freude
instead of
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und der Freude
But that detail is more a matter of style than of grammar.
answered Apr 2 at 6:32
tofrotofro
44.2k146133
I guess you wanted to note "if you omit articles they should be omitted after the first article for the entire list"? Because that is what I read from your examples. (and I could not find a different example atm)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 12:59
@ShegitBrahm Yep - you simply avoid repetition, but the first one must be present
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:07
(k, I meant it as hint for you with the small Zaunspfahl to integrate it in your answer, would be only difference so far that's why I didn't want to create a separate one)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 14:19
1
@ShegitBrahm I think the first sentence of my answer covers that point. "Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive"
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:21
1
@vectory I'm not so sure that the question was how to avoid saying something, but rather how to do it properly.
– tofro
Apr 2 at 20:20
|
show 1 more comment
Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive.
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins
The genitive is, while still present, one of the rarer cases in German.
So, while you can omit repeated articles in lists, you might want to refrain from doing so to clearly mark the genitive. Note I changed your example - mixed articles (omitted/present) in lists in genitive sound, while grammatically entirely correct, a bit awkward to a native speaker. So I would rather use your example as
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und der Freude
instead of
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und der Freude
But that detail is more a matter of style than of grammar.
answered Apr 2 at 6:32
tofrotofro
44.2k146133
Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive.
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins
The genitive is, while still present, one of the rarer cases in German.
So, while you can omit repeated articles in lists, you might want to refrain from doing so to clearly mark the genitive. Note I changed your example - mixed articles (omitted/present) in lists in genitive sound, while grammatically entirely correct, a bit awkward to a native speaker. So I would rather use your example as
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und der Freude
instead of
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und der Freude
But that detail is more a matter of style than of grammar.
answered Apr 2 at 6:32
tofrotofro
44.2k146133
edited Apr 2 at 6:42
answered Apr 2 at 6:32
tofrotofro
44.2k146133
answered Apr 2 at 6:32
tofrotofro
44.2k146133
answered Apr 2 at 6:32
tofrotofro
44.2k146133
44.2k146133
I guess you wanted to note "if you omit articles they should be omitted after the first article for the entire list"? Because that is what I read from your examples. (and I could not find a different example atm)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 12:59
@ShegitBrahm Yep - you simply avoid repetition, but the first one must be present
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:07
(k, I meant it as hint for you with the small Zaunspfahl to integrate it in your answer, would be only difference so far that's why I didn't want to create a separate one)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 14:19
1
@ShegitBrahm I think the first sentence of my answer covers that point. "Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive"
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:21
1
@vectory I'm not so sure that the question was how to avoid saying something, but rather how to do it properly.
– tofro
Apr 2 at 20:20
|
show 1 more comment
I guess you wanted to note "if you omit articles they should be omitted after the first article for the entire list"? Because that is what I read from your examples. (and I could not find a different example atm)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 12:59
@ShegitBrahm Yep - you simply avoid repetition, but the first one must be present
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:07
(k, I meant it as hint for you with the small Zaunspfahl to integrate it in your answer, would be only difference so far that's why I didn't want to create a separate one)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 14:19
1
@ShegitBrahm I think the first sentence of my answer covers that point. "Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive"
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:21
1
@vectory I'm not so sure that the question was how to avoid saying something, but rather how to do it properly.
– tofro
Apr 2 at 20:20
I guess you wanted to note "if you omit articles they should be omitted after the first article for the entire list"? Because that is what I read from your examples. (and I could not find a different example atm)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 12:59
I guess you wanted to note "if you omit articles they should be omitted after the first article for the entire list"? Because that is what I read from your examples. (and I could not find a different example atm)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 12:59
@ShegitBrahm Yep - you simply avoid repetition, but the first one must be present
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:07
@ShegitBrahm Yep - you simply avoid repetition, but the first one must be present
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:07
(k, I meant it as hint for you with the small Zaunspfahl to integrate it in your answer, would be only difference so far that's why I didn't want to create a separate one)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 14:19
(k, I meant it as hint for you with the small Zaunspfahl to integrate it in your answer, would be only difference so far that's why I didn't want to create a separate one)
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 2 at 14:19
1
1
@ShegitBrahm I think the first sentence of my answer covers that point. "Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive"
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:21
@ShegitBrahm I think the first sentence of my answer covers that point. "Yes, you can omit repeated articles in genitive"
– tofro
Apr 2 at 14:21
1
1
@vectory I'm not so sure that the question was how to avoid saying something, but rather how to do it properly.
– tofro
Apr 2 at 20:20
@vectory I'm not so sure that the question was how to avoid saying something, but rather how to do it properly.
– tofro
Apr 2 at 20:20
|
show 1 more comment
As an addition to tofro's answer I only want to point out/ stress some hints from the comments:
If you want to omit repeated articles than you often (not always*) need the first and (always) omit the rest.
You just have to be aware which nouns are part of your list to have omitted articles.
In comparison the two examples:
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, der Gefallenen und der Vermissten des Krieges.=>
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges.
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und des fröhlichen Zusammenseins.=>
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins.
As you might see: des Kriegesis in genitive but not part of the list.
*As vectory points out, you can even have sentence constructions to omit all articles:
Eine Zeit voll Glück und Frieden. Im Gedenken an Verletzte, Gefallene und Vermisste des Krieges.
When to omit and when not?
In my opinion it depends on overall context. With the articles I can stress more the nouns, without it is more a "long concatenated list".
That is why I would prefer an die Verletzten, ... because it is feels like a reverent moment speaking about it. In other cases they make the sentence longer and I guess in speaking I would more likely omit them while in writing put the articles there. Or maybe just thinking about the sentence let me put them in and not long thinking omits them. Good question.
answered Apr 3 at 8:13
Shegit BrahmShegit Brahm
66719
add a comment |
As an addition to tofro's answer I only want to point out/ stress some hints from the comments:
If you want to omit repeated articles than you often (not always*) need the first and (always) omit the rest.
You just have to be aware which nouns are part of your list to have omitted articles.
In comparison the two examples:
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, der Gefallenen und der Vermissten des Krieges.=>
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges.
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und des fröhlichen Zusammenseins.=>
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins.
As you might see: des Kriegesis in genitive but not part of the list.
*As vectory points out, you can even have sentence constructions to omit all articles:
Eine Zeit voll Glück und Frieden. Im Gedenken an Verletzte, Gefallene und Vermisste des Krieges.
When to omit and when not?
In my opinion it depends on overall context. With the articles I can stress more the nouns, without it is more a "long concatenated list".
That is why I would prefer an die Verletzten, ... because it is feels like a reverent moment speaking about it. In other cases they make the sentence longer and I guess in speaking I would more likely omit them while in writing put the articles there. Or maybe just thinking about the sentence let me put them in and not long thinking omits them. Good question.
answered Apr 3 at 8:13
Shegit BrahmShegit Brahm
66719
add a comment |
As an addition to tofro's answer I only want to point out/ stress some hints from the comments:
If you want to omit repeated articles than you often (not always*) need the first and (always) omit the rest.
You just have to be aware which nouns are part of your list to have omitted articles.
In comparison the two examples:
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, der Gefallenen und der Vermissten des Krieges.=>
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges.
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und des fröhlichen Zusammenseins.=>
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins.
As you might see: des Kriegesis in genitive but not part of the list.
*As vectory points out, you can even have sentence constructions to omit all articles:
Eine Zeit voll Glück und Frieden. Im Gedenken an Verletzte, Gefallene und Vermisste des Krieges.
When to omit and when not?
In my opinion it depends on overall context. With the articles I can stress more the nouns, without it is more a "long concatenated list".
That is why I would prefer an die Verletzten, ... because it is feels like a reverent moment speaking about it. In other cases they make the sentence longer and I guess in speaking I would more likely omit them while in writing put the articles there. Or maybe just thinking about the sentence let me put them in and not long thinking omits them. Good question.
answered Apr 3 at 8:13
Shegit BrahmShegit Brahm
66719
As an addition to tofro's answer I only want to point out/ stress some hints from the comments:
If you want to omit repeated articles than you often (not always*) need the first and (always) omit the rest.
You just have to be aware which nouns are part of your list to have omitted articles.
In comparison the two examples:
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, der Gefallenen und der Vermissten des Krieges.=>
Wir gedenken der Verwundeten, Gefallenen und Vermissten des Krieges.
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, des Friedens und des fröhlichen Zusammenseins.=>
Es war eine Zeit des Glücks, Friedens und fröhlichen Zusammenseins.
As you might see: des Kriegesis in genitive but not part of the list.
*As vectory points out, you can even have sentence constructions to omit all articles:
Eine Zeit voll Glück und Frieden. Im Gedenken an Verletzte, Gefallene und Vermisste des Krieges.
When to omit and when not?
In my opinion it depends on overall context. With the articles I can stress more the nouns, without it is more a "long concatenated list".
That is why I would prefer an die Verletzten, ... because it is feels like a reverent moment speaking about it. In other cases they make the sentence longer and I guess in speaking I would more likely omit them while in writing put the articles there. Or maybe just thinking about the sentence let me put them in and not long thinking omits them. Good question.
answered Apr 3 at 8:13
Shegit BrahmShegit Brahm
66719
edited Apr 3 at 12:53
answered Apr 3 at 8:13
Shegit BrahmShegit Brahm
66719
answered Apr 3 at 8:13
Shegit BrahmShegit Brahm
66719
answered Apr 3 at 8:13
Shegit BrahmShegit Brahm
66719
66719
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Welcome to German SE and thanks for this good question!
– Philipp
Apr 2 at 5:54
1
You used the Oxford Comma in German, and omitted it in English. Strange.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 9:35
I corrected a minor spelling mistake and a wrong comma. In German, there is no comma in a list before the "und":
des Glücks, des Friedens [kein Komma] und der Freude. See: "Das Komma bei Reihungen (Aufzählungen)" duden.de/sprachwissen/rechtschreibregeln/komma– Iris
Apr 3 at 10:14
@Janka - I did not know that such thing exists :) - well, I'm only basic english speaker ;-) my quick source: grammarly.com/blog/…
– Shegit Brahm
Apr 3 at 10:50
1
To clarify: in German, using that comma before und in a list is a punctuation error. A comma before und indicates a new main clause, not the end of a list of items.
– Janka
Apr 3 at 11:45