Why not send Voyager 3 and 4 following up the paths taken by Voyager 1 and 2 to re-transmit signals of later...












14












$begingroup$


Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecrafts are on their journey out of solar system. They collected so much of important data that helped us understand our solar system. As these spacecrafts moving out of solar system they are still transmitting the information at much slower speed due to huge distance. Also the due to limitation power sources reducing the signal strength with with they can transmit the signal back to earth. It will not be long when the signals sent by these spacecrafts will be small enough that it would be difficult to differentiate from noise.



Why not send follow up spacecraft to both of these not just to act as mediator between them and earth but also to have the journey into outer reaches of solar system to gain more data.










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  • $begingroup$
    related but not duplicate: Satellites around outer planets that act like amplifier to signals from voyager like objects The reason it is not a duplicate is that this question has heliocentric orbital trajectory aspects.
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    Apr 20 at 6:05








  • 4




    $begingroup$
    Consider the orbital mechanics. The Voyager probes are transmitting a narrow signal toward Earth. To intercept that signal the following spacecraft has to be on the path of the signal. If the following spacecraft is not expending (large amounts of) energy it cannot follow a straight path.
    $endgroup$
    – andy256
    Apr 20 at 9:52
















14












$begingroup$


Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecrafts are on their journey out of solar system. They collected so much of important data that helped us understand our solar system. As these spacecrafts moving out of solar system they are still transmitting the information at much slower speed due to huge distance. Also the due to limitation power sources reducing the signal strength with with they can transmit the signal back to earth. It will not be long when the signals sent by these spacecrafts will be small enough that it would be difficult to differentiate from noise.



Why not send follow up spacecraft to both of these not just to act as mediator between them and earth but also to have the journey into outer reaches of solar system to gain more data.










share|improve this question









New contributor




Xinus is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    related but not duplicate: Satellites around outer planets that act like amplifier to signals from voyager like objects The reason it is not a duplicate is that this question has heliocentric orbital trajectory aspects.
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    Apr 20 at 6:05








  • 4




    $begingroup$
    Consider the orbital mechanics. The Voyager probes are transmitting a narrow signal toward Earth. To intercept that signal the following spacecraft has to be on the path of the signal. If the following spacecraft is not expending (large amounts of) energy it cannot follow a straight path.
    $endgroup$
    – andy256
    Apr 20 at 9:52














14












14








14


2



$begingroup$


Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecrafts are on their journey out of solar system. They collected so much of important data that helped us understand our solar system. As these spacecrafts moving out of solar system they are still transmitting the information at much slower speed due to huge distance. Also the due to limitation power sources reducing the signal strength with with they can transmit the signal back to earth. It will not be long when the signals sent by these spacecrafts will be small enough that it would be difficult to differentiate from noise.



Why not send follow up spacecraft to both of these not just to act as mediator between them and earth but also to have the journey into outer reaches of solar system to gain more data.










share|improve this question









New contributor




Xinus is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$




Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecrafts are on their journey out of solar system. They collected so much of important data that helped us understand our solar system. As these spacecrafts moving out of solar system they are still transmitting the information at much slower speed due to huge distance. Also the due to limitation power sources reducing the signal strength with with they can transmit the signal back to earth. It will not be long when the signals sent by these spacecrafts will be small enough that it would be difficult to differentiate from noise.



Why not send follow up spacecraft to both of these not just to act as mediator between them and earth but also to have the journey into outer reaches of solar system to gain more data.







communication voyager radio-communication






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edited Apr 20 at 5:07









uhoh

41.7k19158522




41.7k19158522






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asked Apr 20 at 4:22









XinusXinus

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  • $begingroup$
    related but not duplicate: Satellites around outer planets that act like amplifier to signals from voyager like objects The reason it is not a duplicate is that this question has heliocentric orbital trajectory aspects.
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    Apr 20 at 6:05








  • 4




    $begingroup$
    Consider the orbital mechanics. The Voyager probes are transmitting a narrow signal toward Earth. To intercept that signal the following spacecraft has to be on the path of the signal. If the following spacecraft is not expending (large amounts of) energy it cannot follow a straight path.
    $endgroup$
    – andy256
    Apr 20 at 9:52


















  • $begingroup$
    related but not duplicate: Satellites around outer planets that act like amplifier to signals from voyager like objects The reason it is not a duplicate is that this question has heliocentric orbital trajectory aspects.
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    Apr 20 at 6:05








  • 4




    $begingroup$
    Consider the orbital mechanics. The Voyager probes are transmitting a narrow signal toward Earth. To intercept that signal the following spacecraft has to be on the path of the signal. If the following spacecraft is not expending (large amounts of) energy it cannot follow a straight path.
    $endgroup$
    – andy256
    Apr 20 at 9:52
















$begingroup$
related but not duplicate: Satellites around outer planets that act like amplifier to signals from voyager like objects The reason it is not a duplicate is that this question has heliocentric orbital trajectory aspects.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
Apr 20 at 6:05






$begingroup$
related but not duplicate: Satellites around outer planets that act like amplifier to signals from voyager like objects The reason it is not a duplicate is that this question has heliocentric orbital trajectory aspects.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
Apr 20 at 6:05






4




4




$begingroup$
Consider the orbital mechanics. The Voyager probes are transmitting a narrow signal toward Earth. To intercept that signal the following spacecraft has to be on the path of the signal. If the following spacecraft is not expending (large amounts of) energy it cannot follow a straight path.
$endgroup$
– andy256
Apr 20 at 9:52




$begingroup$
Consider the orbital mechanics. The Voyager probes are transmitting a narrow signal toward Earth. To intercept that signal the following spacecraft has to be on the path of the signal. If the following spacecraft is not expending (large amounts of) energy it cannot follow a straight path.
$endgroup$
– andy256
Apr 20 at 9:52










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















21












$begingroup$

It's a great question!



Trajectory



To get a few decades more out of them, you can launch Voyagers 3 and 4 sometime around now and get by with a maximally-boosting flyby of Jupiter since you wouldn't target Saturn as well. If you had to wait for Jupiter and Saturn to line up with the original pair's trajectories again, it would be too long of a wait.



However, without Saturn, you'll eventually fall behind again, so this is a stop-gap measure.



I recommend you ask a new question if you'd like some detailed planning for spacecraft that could chase the Voyagers for communications relay purposes. There are a lot of considerations there and the question would have to be more specifically defined.



velocity of Voyager 2 vs Solar Escape Velocity



Source



Link Budget



Let's look at the link budget.



In order to have a useful communications link, you need to receive a signal that's at least roughly the same strength as the local thermal noise of your receiver.



You calculate the ratio of the received power to the transmitted power in decibels by adding the gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas together, then subtracting the path loss. You can read more about that in this answer to the question How to calculate data rate of Voyager 1?



In order to get a bandwidth sufficient for 160 bits per second between Voyager 1 and Earth, you need a 3.66 meter dish on Voyager (48 dBi) and a 70 meter dish on Earth (~73 dBi). Even then you get about -150 dBm (-180 dBW) signal ($1 times 10^{-18}$ Watts) and you need a liquid helium cooled receiver front-end to pick it up out of the noise.



You can read much more about Voyager communication with Earth in the DESCANSO Design and Performance Summary Series Article 4; Voyager Telecommunications



See also Why does DSN sometimes uses two dishes at the same time to receive Voyager-1?





If you wanted to double the range of Voyager 1 and 2 with Voyager 3 and 4, the second two would need 70 meter dishes that maintained sub-millimeter surface accuracy. This technology is certainly possible but it doesn't exist and would have to be developed.



According to answer(s) to What's the largest area dish antenna sent beyond the Earth-Moon system? the answer is only 4.6 meters (Galileo). For antennas deployed in cis-lunar space, see answers to What is the largest antenna deployed in space? show a few things larger, but these would not be suitable.



This kind of thing just isn't done, and it probably won't be, since optical communication is definitely the way to go in the near future. We've already had demonstrations from Earth to the Moon, and there are no known roadblocks to extending optical communications to deep space. Since the wavelength of light (about 1 micron) is so much smaller than the wavelengths used in deep space (centimeters, perhaps millimeters in the future) the "dish" shrinks from a huge steel monstrosity to the mirror of an optical telescope tens of centimeters in diameter. This can be managed quite nicely on a deep space probe.



For examples of similarly-sized optical telescopes that have already been in deep space, see answers to What's the largest aperture telescope sent beyond the Earth-Moon system?.



Once deep space optical communications is active, it may definitely be worth considering something like optical relay stations.





Not something you'd want to put in deep space!



Here is what a "steel monstrosity" looks like. This is the 70 meter dish at the Deep Space Network's Goldstone facility, there is also one in Australia and one in Spain. The red lines mark stairs and walkways, for scale.



One in space would of course be lighter, but keeping it stiff enough to produce an accurate surface figure may still make it too heavy to launch to deep space.



Goldstone 70 meter dish



above: Photo credit JPMajor, creative commons CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.



Goldstone 70 meter dish closeup



above: From commons.wikimedia.org.






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$









  • 3




    $begingroup$
    Admit it: The real concern is giving godlike alien probes extra systems to work with.
    $endgroup$
    – The Nate
    Apr 20 at 9:46






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Ah, I was just about to make a V'ger related comment myself ...
    $endgroup$
    – Hagen von Eitzen
    Apr 20 at 9:50






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @Cyclic3 Thanks for the edits!
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    Apr 20 at 9:57






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    I love how the super-intelligent machines that discovered Voyager 6 could build an enormous spacecraft to travel the galaxy back to its origin but couldn't wipe off a bit of corrosion on the the nameplate!
    $endgroup$
    – GdD
    Apr 20 at 16:49






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    space.stackexchange.com/questions/35698/…
    $endgroup$
    – Phil Frost
    Apr 21 at 14:32



















14












$begingroup$

You have a few problems with doing that which @uhoh unit has already elaborated. Even if you could surmount those you have a bigger problem, which is the Voyager probes will have to shut down their science instruments due to power constraints before a probe launched now would be able to get in a position to do any good. There are 4 instruments running on the 2 Voyagers, and in a couple of years 1 will have to be switched off on each because the RTGs are losing 4 Watts of power a year. By 2030 it's likely there won't be any instruments working at all, if we are lucky we will have some engineering data and enough signal to determine the probes direction and speed. A relay probe wouldn't add much value to that.



Rather than spend huge amounts of money sending spacecraft to interstellar space to relay the transmissions from dying spacecraft carrying 40 year old experiments it makes much more sense to spend huge amounts of money to send spacecraft with brand new experiments designed for that environment.






share|improve this answer









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    1












    $begingroup$

    Voyager 1 don't have enough power to transmit signals
    Engineers at NASA have disabled some of it's components in order to save some power ,
    if Voyager 1 can't transmit signals it would be useless to re-transmit it's not existing signals .






    share|improve this answer








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      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      21












      $begingroup$

      It's a great question!



      Trajectory



      To get a few decades more out of them, you can launch Voyagers 3 and 4 sometime around now and get by with a maximally-boosting flyby of Jupiter since you wouldn't target Saturn as well. If you had to wait for Jupiter and Saturn to line up with the original pair's trajectories again, it would be too long of a wait.



      However, without Saturn, you'll eventually fall behind again, so this is a stop-gap measure.



      I recommend you ask a new question if you'd like some detailed planning for spacecraft that could chase the Voyagers for communications relay purposes. There are a lot of considerations there and the question would have to be more specifically defined.



      velocity of Voyager 2 vs Solar Escape Velocity



      Source



      Link Budget



      Let's look at the link budget.



      In order to have a useful communications link, you need to receive a signal that's at least roughly the same strength as the local thermal noise of your receiver.



      You calculate the ratio of the received power to the transmitted power in decibels by adding the gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas together, then subtracting the path loss. You can read more about that in this answer to the question How to calculate data rate of Voyager 1?



      In order to get a bandwidth sufficient for 160 bits per second between Voyager 1 and Earth, you need a 3.66 meter dish on Voyager (48 dBi) and a 70 meter dish on Earth (~73 dBi). Even then you get about -150 dBm (-180 dBW) signal ($1 times 10^{-18}$ Watts) and you need a liquid helium cooled receiver front-end to pick it up out of the noise.



      You can read much more about Voyager communication with Earth in the DESCANSO Design and Performance Summary Series Article 4; Voyager Telecommunications



      See also Why does DSN sometimes uses two dishes at the same time to receive Voyager-1?





      If you wanted to double the range of Voyager 1 and 2 with Voyager 3 and 4, the second two would need 70 meter dishes that maintained sub-millimeter surface accuracy. This technology is certainly possible but it doesn't exist and would have to be developed.



      According to answer(s) to What's the largest area dish antenna sent beyond the Earth-Moon system? the answer is only 4.6 meters (Galileo). For antennas deployed in cis-lunar space, see answers to What is the largest antenna deployed in space? show a few things larger, but these would not be suitable.



      This kind of thing just isn't done, and it probably won't be, since optical communication is definitely the way to go in the near future. We've already had demonstrations from Earth to the Moon, and there are no known roadblocks to extending optical communications to deep space. Since the wavelength of light (about 1 micron) is so much smaller than the wavelengths used in deep space (centimeters, perhaps millimeters in the future) the "dish" shrinks from a huge steel monstrosity to the mirror of an optical telescope tens of centimeters in diameter. This can be managed quite nicely on a deep space probe.



      For examples of similarly-sized optical telescopes that have already been in deep space, see answers to What's the largest aperture telescope sent beyond the Earth-Moon system?.



      Once deep space optical communications is active, it may definitely be worth considering something like optical relay stations.





      Not something you'd want to put in deep space!



      Here is what a "steel monstrosity" looks like. This is the 70 meter dish at the Deep Space Network's Goldstone facility, there is also one in Australia and one in Spain. The red lines mark stairs and walkways, for scale.



      One in space would of course be lighter, but keeping it stiff enough to produce an accurate surface figure may still make it too heavy to launch to deep space.



      Goldstone 70 meter dish



      above: Photo credit JPMajor, creative commons CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.



      Goldstone 70 meter dish closeup



      above: From commons.wikimedia.org.






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$









      • 3




        $begingroup$
        Admit it: The real concern is giving godlike alien probes extra systems to work with.
        $endgroup$
        – The Nate
        Apr 20 at 9:46






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        Ah, I was just about to make a V'ger related comment myself ...
        $endgroup$
        – Hagen von Eitzen
        Apr 20 at 9:50






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        @Cyclic3 Thanks for the edits!
        $endgroup$
        – uhoh
        Apr 20 at 9:57






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        I love how the super-intelligent machines that discovered Voyager 6 could build an enormous spacecraft to travel the galaxy back to its origin but couldn't wipe off a bit of corrosion on the the nameplate!
        $endgroup$
        – GdD
        Apr 20 at 16:49






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        space.stackexchange.com/questions/35698/…
        $endgroup$
        – Phil Frost
        Apr 21 at 14:32
















      21












      $begingroup$

      It's a great question!



      Trajectory



      To get a few decades more out of them, you can launch Voyagers 3 and 4 sometime around now and get by with a maximally-boosting flyby of Jupiter since you wouldn't target Saturn as well. If you had to wait for Jupiter and Saturn to line up with the original pair's trajectories again, it would be too long of a wait.



      However, without Saturn, you'll eventually fall behind again, so this is a stop-gap measure.



      I recommend you ask a new question if you'd like some detailed planning for spacecraft that could chase the Voyagers for communications relay purposes. There are a lot of considerations there and the question would have to be more specifically defined.



      velocity of Voyager 2 vs Solar Escape Velocity



      Source



      Link Budget



      Let's look at the link budget.



      In order to have a useful communications link, you need to receive a signal that's at least roughly the same strength as the local thermal noise of your receiver.



      You calculate the ratio of the received power to the transmitted power in decibels by adding the gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas together, then subtracting the path loss. You can read more about that in this answer to the question How to calculate data rate of Voyager 1?



      In order to get a bandwidth sufficient for 160 bits per second between Voyager 1 and Earth, you need a 3.66 meter dish on Voyager (48 dBi) and a 70 meter dish on Earth (~73 dBi). Even then you get about -150 dBm (-180 dBW) signal ($1 times 10^{-18}$ Watts) and you need a liquid helium cooled receiver front-end to pick it up out of the noise.



      You can read much more about Voyager communication with Earth in the DESCANSO Design and Performance Summary Series Article 4; Voyager Telecommunications



      See also Why does DSN sometimes uses two dishes at the same time to receive Voyager-1?





      If you wanted to double the range of Voyager 1 and 2 with Voyager 3 and 4, the second two would need 70 meter dishes that maintained sub-millimeter surface accuracy. This technology is certainly possible but it doesn't exist and would have to be developed.



      According to answer(s) to What's the largest area dish antenna sent beyond the Earth-Moon system? the answer is only 4.6 meters (Galileo). For antennas deployed in cis-lunar space, see answers to What is the largest antenna deployed in space? show a few things larger, but these would not be suitable.



      This kind of thing just isn't done, and it probably won't be, since optical communication is definitely the way to go in the near future. We've already had demonstrations from Earth to the Moon, and there are no known roadblocks to extending optical communications to deep space. Since the wavelength of light (about 1 micron) is so much smaller than the wavelengths used in deep space (centimeters, perhaps millimeters in the future) the "dish" shrinks from a huge steel monstrosity to the mirror of an optical telescope tens of centimeters in diameter. This can be managed quite nicely on a deep space probe.



      For examples of similarly-sized optical telescopes that have already been in deep space, see answers to What's the largest aperture telescope sent beyond the Earth-Moon system?.



      Once deep space optical communications is active, it may definitely be worth considering something like optical relay stations.





      Not something you'd want to put in deep space!



      Here is what a "steel monstrosity" looks like. This is the 70 meter dish at the Deep Space Network's Goldstone facility, there is also one in Australia and one in Spain. The red lines mark stairs and walkways, for scale.



      One in space would of course be lighter, but keeping it stiff enough to produce an accurate surface figure may still make it too heavy to launch to deep space.



      Goldstone 70 meter dish



      above: Photo credit JPMajor, creative commons CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.



      Goldstone 70 meter dish closeup



      above: From commons.wikimedia.org.






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$









      • 3




        $begingroup$
        Admit it: The real concern is giving godlike alien probes extra systems to work with.
        $endgroup$
        – The Nate
        Apr 20 at 9:46






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        Ah, I was just about to make a V'ger related comment myself ...
        $endgroup$
        – Hagen von Eitzen
        Apr 20 at 9:50






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        @Cyclic3 Thanks for the edits!
        $endgroup$
        – uhoh
        Apr 20 at 9:57






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        I love how the super-intelligent machines that discovered Voyager 6 could build an enormous spacecraft to travel the galaxy back to its origin but couldn't wipe off a bit of corrosion on the the nameplate!
        $endgroup$
        – GdD
        Apr 20 at 16:49






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        space.stackexchange.com/questions/35698/…
        $endgroup$
        – Phil Frost
        Apr 21 at 14:32














      21












      21








      21





      $begingroup$

      It's a great question!



      Trajectory



      To get a few decades more out of them, you can launch Voyagers 3 and 4 sometime around now and get by with a maximally-boosting flyby of Jupiter since you wouldn't target Saturn as well. If you had to wait for Jupiter and Saturn to line up with the original pair's trajectories again, it would be too long of a wait.



      However, without Saturn, you'll eventually fall behind again, so this is a stop-gap measure.



      I recommend you ask a new question if you'd like some detailed planning for spacecraft that could chase the Voyagers for communications relay purposes. There are a lot of considerations there and the question would have to be more specifically defined.



      velocity of Voyager 2 vs Solar Escape Velocity



      Source



      Link Budget



      Let's look at the link budget.



      In order to have a useful communications link, you need to receive a signal that's at least roughly the same strength as the local thermal noise of your receiver.



      You calculate the ratio of the received power to the transmitted power in decibels by adding the gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas together, then subtracting the path loss. You can read more about that in this answer to the question How to calculate data rate of Voyager 1?



      In order to get a bandwidth sufficient for 160 bits per second between Voyager 1 and Earth, you need a 3.66 meter dish on Voyager (48 dBi) and a 70 meter dish on Earth (~73 dBi). Even then you get about -150 dBm (-180 dBW) signal ($1 times 10^{-18}$ Watts) and you need a liquid helium cooled receiver front-end to pick it up out of the noise.



      You can read much more about Voyager communication with Earth in the DESCANSO Design and Performance Summary Series Article 4; Voyager Telecommunications



      See also Why does DSN sometimes uses two dishes at the same time to receive Voyager-1?





      If you wanted to double the range of Voyager 1 and 2 with Voyager 3 and 4, the second two would need 70 meter dishes that maintained sub-millimeter surface accuracy. This technology is certainly possible but it doesn't exist and would have to be developed.



      According to answer(s) to What's the largest area dish antenna sent beyond the Earth-Moon system? the answer is only 4.6 meters (Galileo). For antennas deployed in cis-lunar space, see answers to What is the largest antenna deployed in space? show a few things larger, but these would not be suitable.



      This kind of thing just isn't done, and it probably won't be, since optical communication is definitely the way to go in the near future. We've already had demonstrations from Earth to the Moon, and there are no known roadblocks to extending optical communications to deep space. Since the wavelength of light (about 1 micron) is so much smaller than the wavelengths used in deep space (centimeters, perhaps millimeters in the future) the "dish" shrinks from a huge steel monstrosity to the mirror of an optical telescope tens of centimeters in diameter. This can be managed quite nicely on a deep space probe.



      For examples of similarly-sized optical telescopes that have already been in deep space, see answers to What's the largest aperture telescope sent beyond the Earth-Moon system?.



      Once deep space optical communications is active, it may definitely be worth considering something like optical relay stations.





      Not something you'd want to put in deep space!



      Here is what a "steel monstrosity" looks like. This is the 70 meter dish at the Deep Space Network's Goldstone facility, there is also one in Australia and one in Spain. The red lines mark stairs and walkways, for scale.



      One in space would of course be lighter, but keeping it stiff enough to produce an accurate surface figure may still make it too heavy to launch to deep space.



      Goldstone 70 meter dish



      above: Photo credit JPMajor, creative commons CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.



      Goldstone 70 meter dish closeup



      above: From commons.wikimedia.org.






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$



      It's a great question!



      Trajectory



      To get a few decades more out of them, you can launch Voyagers 3 and 4 sometime around now and get by with a maximally-boosting flyby of Jupiter since you wouldn't target Saturn as well. If you had to wait for Jupiter and Saturn to line up with the original pair's trajectories again, it would be too long of a wait.



      However, without Saturn, you'll eventually fall behind again, so this is a stop-gap measure.



      I recommend you ask a new question if you'd like some detailed planning for spacecraft that could chase the Voyagers for communications relay purposes. There are a lot of considerations there and the question would have to be more specifically defined.



      velocity of Voyager 2 vs Solar Escape Velocity



      Source



      Link Budget



      Let's look at the link budget.



      In order to have a useful communications link, you need to receive a signal that's at least roughly the same strength as the local thermal noise of your receiver.



      You calculate the ratio of the received power to the transmitted power in decibels by adding the gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas together, then subtracting the path loss. You can read more about that in this answer to the question How to calculate data rate of Voyager 1?



      In order to get a bandwidth sufficient for 160 bits per second between Voyager 1 and Earth, you need a 3.66 meter dish on Voyager (48 dBi) and a 70 meter dish on Earth (~73 dBi). Even then you get about -150 dBm (-180 dBW) signal ($1 times 10^{-18}$ Watts) and you need a liquid helium cooled receiver front-end to pick it up out of the noise.



      You can read much more about Voyager communication with Earth in the DESCANSO Design and Performance Summary Series Article 4; Voyager Telecommunications



      See also Why does DSN sometimes uses two dishes at the same time to receive Voyager-1?





      If you wanted to double the range of Voyager 1 and 2 with Voyager 3 and 4, the second two would need 70 meter dishes that maintained sub-millimeter surface accuracy. This technology is certainly possible but it doesn't exist and would have to be developed.



      According to answer(s) to What's the largest area dish antenna sent beyond the Earth-Moon system? the answer is only 4.6 meters (Galileo). For antennas deployed in cis-lunar space, see answers to What is the largest antenna deployed in space? show a few things larger, but these would not be suitable.



      This kind of thing just isn't done, and it probably won't be, since optical communication is definitely the way to go in the near future. We've already had demonstrations from Earth to the Moon, and there are no known roadblocks to extending optical communications to deep space. Since the wavelength of light (about 1 micron) is so much smaller than the wavelengths used in deep space (centimeters, perhaps millimeters in the future) the "dish" shrinks from a huge steel monstrosity to the mirror of an optical telescope tens of centimeters in diameter. This can be managed quite nicely on a deep space probe.



      For examples of similarly-sized optical telescopes that have already been in deep space, see answers to What's the largest aperture telescope sent beyond the Earth-Moon system?.



      Once deep space optical communications is active, it may definitely be worth considering something like optical relay stations.





      Not something you'd want to put in deep space!



      Here is what a "steel monstrosity" looks like. This is the 70 meter dish at the Deep Space Network's Goldstone facility, there is also one in Australia and one in Spain. The red lines mark stairs and walkways, for scale.



      One in space would of course be lighter, but keeping it stiff enough to produce an accurate surface figure may still make it too heavy to launch to deep space.



      Goldstone 70 meter dish



      above: Photo credit JPMajor, creative commons CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.



      Goldstone 70 meter dish closeup



      above: From commons.wikimedia.org.







      share|improve this answer














      share|improve this answer



      share|improve this answer








      edited yesterday

























      answered Apr 20 at 5:07









      uhohuhoh

      41.7k19158522




      41.7k19158522








      • 3




        $begingroup$
        Admit it: The real concern is giving godlike alien probes extra systems to work with.
        $endgroup$
        – The Nate
        Apr 20 at 9:46






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        Ah, I was just about to make a V'ger related comment myself ...
        $endgroup$
        – Hagen von Eitzen
        Apr 20 at 9:50






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        @Cyclic3 Thanks for the edits!
        $endgroup$
        – uhoh
        Apr 20 at 9:57






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        I love how the super-intelligent machines that discovered Voyager 6 could build an enormous spacecraft to travel the galaxy back to its origin but couldn't wipe off a bit of corrosion on the the nameplate!
        $endgroup$
        – GdD
        Apr 20 at 16:49






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        space.stackexchange.com/questions/35698/…
        $endgroup$
        – Phil Frost
        Apr 21 at 14:32














      • 3




        $begingroup$
        Admit it: The real concern is giving godlike alien probes extra systems to work with.
        $endgroup$
        – The Nate
        Apr 20 at 9:46






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        Ah, I was just about to make a V'ger related comment myself ...
        $endgroup$
        – Hagen von Eitzen
        Apr 20 at 9:50






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        @Cyclic3 Thanks for the edits!
        $endgroup$
        – uhoh
        Apr 20 at 9:57






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        I love how the super-intelligent machines that discovered Voyager 6 could build an enormous spacecraft to travel the galaxy back to its origin but couldn't wipe off a bit of corrosion on the the nameplate!
        $endgroup$
        – GdD
        Apr 20 at 16:49






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        space.stackexchange.com/questions/35698/…
        $endgroup$
        – Phil Frost
        Apr 21 at 14:32








      3




      3




      $begingroup$
      Admit it: The real concern is giving godlike alien probes extra systems to work with.
      $endgroup$
      – The Nate
      Apr 20 at 9:46




      $begingroup$
      Admit it: The real concern is giving godlike alien probes extra systems to work with.
      $endgroup$
      – The Nate
      Apr 20 at 9:46




      2




      2




      $begingroup$
      Ah, I was just about to make a V'ger related comment myself ...
      $endgroup$
      – Hagen von Eitzen
      Apr 20 at 9:50




      $begingroup$
      Ah, I was just about to make a V'ger related comment myself ...
      $endgroup$
      – Hagen von Eitzen
      Apr 20 at 9:50




      1




      1




      $begingroup$
      @Cyclic3 Thanks for the edits!
      $endgroup$
      – uhoh
      Apr 20 at 9:57




      $begingroup$
      @Cyclic3 Thanks for the edits!
      $endgroup$
      – uhoh
      Apr 20 at 9:57




      2




      2




      $begingroup$
      I love how the super-intelligent machines that discovered Voyager 6 could build an enormous spacecraft to travel the galaxy back to its origin but couldn't wipe off a bit of corrosion on the the nameplate!
      $endgroup$
      – GdD
      Apr 20 at 16:49




      $begingroup$
      I love how the super-intelligent machines that discovered Voyager 6 could build an enormous spacecraft to travel the galaxy back to its origin but couldn't wipe off a bit of corrosion on the the nameplate!
      $endgroup$
      – GdD
      Apr 20 at 16:49




      1




      1




      $begingroup$
      space.stackexchange.com/questions/35698/…
      $endgroup$
      – Phil Frost
      Apr 21 at 14:32




      $begingroup$
      space.stackexchange.com/questions/35698/…
      $endgroup$
      – Phil Frost
      Apr 21 at 14:32











      14












      $begingroup$

      You have a few problems with doing that which @uhoh unit has already elaborated. Even if you could surmount those you have a bigger problem, which is the Voyager probes will have to shut down their science instruments due to power constraints before a probe launched now would be able to get in a position to do any good. There are 4 instruments running on the 2 Voyagers, and in a couple of years 1 will have to be switched off on each because the RTGs are losing 4 Watts of power a year. By 2030 it's likely there won't be any instruments working at all, if we are lucky we will have some engineering data and enough signal to determine the probes direction and speed. A relay probe wouldn't add much value to that.



      Rather than spend huge amounts of money sending spacecraft to interstellar space to relay the transmissions from dying spacecraft carrying 40 year old experiments it makes much more sense to spend huge amounts of money to send spacecraft with brand new experiments designed for that environment.






      share|improve this answer









      $endgroup$


















        14












        $begingroup$

        You have a few problems with doing that which @uhoh unit has already elaborated. Even if you could surmount those you have a bigger problem, which is the Voyager probes will have to shut down their science instruments due to power constraints before a probe launched now would be able to get in a position to do any good. There are 4 instruments running on the 2 Voyagers, and in a couple of years 1 will have to be switched off on each because the RTGs are losing 4 Watts of power a year. By 2030 it's likely there won't be any instruments working at all, if we are lucky we will have some engineering data and enough signal to determine the probes direction and speed. A relay probe wouldn't add much value to that.



        Rather than spend huge amounts of money sending spacecraft to interstellar space to relay the transmissions from dying spacecraft carrying 40 year old experiments it makes much more sense to spend huge amounts of money to send spacecraft with brand new experiments designed for that environment.






        share|improve this answer









        $endgroup$
















          14












          14








          14





          $begingroup$

          You have a few problems with doing that which @uhoh unit has already elaborated. Even if you could surmount those you have a bigger problem, which is the Voyager probes will have to shut down their science instruments due to power constraints before a probe launched now would be able to get in a position to do any good. There are 4 instruments running on the 2 Voyagers, and in a couple of years 1 will have to be switched off on each because the RTGs are losing 4 Watts of power a year. By 2030 it's likely there won't be any instruments working at all, if we are lucky we will have some engineering data and enough signal to determine the probes direction and speed. A relay probe wouldn't add much value to that.



          Rather than spend huge amounts of money sending spacecraft to interstellar space to relay the transmissions from dying spacecraft carrying 40 year old experiments it makes much more sense to spend huge amounts of money to send spacecraft with brand new experiments designed for that environment.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          You have a few problems with doing that which @uhoh unit has already elaborated. Even if you could surmount those you have a bigger problem, which is the Voyager probes will have to shut down their science instruments due to power constraints before a probe launched now would be able to get in a position to do any good. There are 4 instruments running on the 2 Voyagers, and in a couple of years 1 will have to be switched off on each because the RTGs are losing 4 Watts of power a year. By 2030 it's likely there won't be any instruments working at all, if we are lucky we will have some engineering data and enough signal to determine the probes direction and speed. A relay probe wouldn't add much value to that.



          Rather than spend huge amounts of money sending spacecraft to interstellar space to relay the transmissions from dying spacecraft carrying 40 year old experiments it makes much more sense to spend huge amounts of money to send spacecraft with brand new experiments designed for that environment.







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered Apr 20 at 17:07









          GdDGdD

          10.2k33247




          10.2k33247























              1












              $begingroup$

              Voyager 1 don't have enough power to transmit signals
              Engineers at NASA have disabled some of it's components in order to save some power ,
              if Voyager 1 can't transmit signals it would be useless to re-transmit it's not existing signals .






              share|improve this answer








              New contributor




              helloworld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
              Check out our Code of Conduct.






              $endgroup$


















                1












                $begingroup$

                Voyager 1 don't have enough power to transmit signals
                Engineers at NASA have disabled some of it's components in order to save some power ,
                if Voyager 1 can't transmit signals it would be useless to re-transmit it's not existing signals .






                share|improve this answer








                New contributor




                helloworld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.






                $endgroup$
















                  1












                  1








                  1





                  $begingroup$

                  Voyager 1 don't have enough power to transmit signals
                  Engineers at NASA have disabled some of it's components in order to save some power ,
                  if Voyager 1 can't transmit signals it would be useless to re-transmit it's not existing signals .






                  share|improve this answer








                  New contributor




                  helloworld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.






                  $endgroup$



                  Voyager 1 don't have enough power to transmit signals
                  Engineers at NASA have disabled some of it's components in order to save some power ,
                  if Voyager 1 can't transmit signals it would be useless to re-transmit it's not existing signals .







                  share|improve this answer








                  New contributor




                  helloworld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.









                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer






                  New contributor




                  helloworld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.









                  answered Apr 21 at 11:52









                  helloworldhelloworld

                  111




                  111




                  New contributor




                  helloworld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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                  New contributor





                  helloworld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.






                  helloworld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.






















                      Xinus is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










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