恨








恨 U+6068, 恨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6068










← 恧
[U+6067]
CJK Unified Ideographs
恩 →
[U+6069]


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Contents






  • 1 Translingual


    • 1.1 Han character


      • 1.1.1 Derived characters


      • 1.1.2 References






  • 2 Chinese


    • 2.1 Glyph origin


    • 2.2 Pronunciation


    • 2.3 Definitions


    • 2.4 Compounds


    • 2.5 Descendants




  • 3 Japanese


    • 3.1 Kanji


      • 3.1.1 Readings


      • 3.1.2 Compounds






  • 4 Korean


    • 4.1 Hanja




  • 5 Vietnamese


    • 5.1 Han character







Translingual





Stroke order

9 strokes


Han character


恨 (radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心日女 (PAV), four-corner 97032, composition ⿰忄艮)



Derived characters


  • 𭉆, 𭦼, 𥈥, 𪬲, 𭏂, 𢝧


References



  • KangXi: page 385, character 9

  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10588

  • Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 5

  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2299, character 3

  • Unihan data for U+6068




Chinese






simp. and trad.
恨


Glyph origin








































































































Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

 Old Chinese

艱
*krɯːn

齦
*kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn

眼
*ŋrɯːnʔ

蛝
*ɡrɯːn

限
*ɡrɯːnʔ

硍
*ɡrɯːnʔ

豤
*kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn

詪
*ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns

根
*kɯːn

跟
*kɯːn

珢
*kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn

艮
*kɯːns

茛
*kɯːns

墾
*kʰɯːnʔ

懇
*kʰɯːnʔ

垠
*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn

泿
*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn

痕
*ɡɯːn

拫
*ɡɯːn

鞎
*ɡɯːn

很
*ɡɯːnʔ

恨
*ɡɯːns

銀
*ŋrɯn

檭
*ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯːns): semantic 忄 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).



Pronunciation





  • Mandarin


    (Pinyin): hèn (hen4)


    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄣˋ




  • Cantonese (Jyutping): han6


  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hen


  • Min Bei (KCR): hāing


  • Min Dong (BUC): hâung


  • Min Nan


    (Hokkien, POJ): hūn / hīn


    (Teochew, Peng'im): heng6




  • Wu (Wiktionary): hhen (T3)






  • Mandarin

    • (Standard Chinese)+


      • Pinyin: hèn


      • Zhuyin: ㄏㄣˋ


      • Wade–Giles: hên4


      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: henn


      • IPA (key): /xən⁵¹/






  • Cantonese

    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+


      • Jyutping: han6


      • Yale: hahn


      • Cantonese Pinyin: han6


      • Guangdong Romanization: hen6


      • IPA (key): /hɐn²²/





  • Hakka

    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)


      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen


      • Hakka Romanization System: hen


      • Hagfa Pinyim: hen4


      • IPA: /hen⁵⁵/





  • Min Bei

    • (Jian'ou)


      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hāing


      • IPA (key): /xaiŋ⁵⁵/





  • Min Dong

    • (Fuzhou)


      • Bàng-uâ-cê: hâung


      • IPA (key): /hɑuŋ²⁴²/





  • Min Nan


    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)


      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn


      • Tâi-lô: hūn


      • Phofsit Daibuun: hun


      • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹/


      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun³³/


      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²²/




    • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)


      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hīn


      • Tâi-lô: hīn


      • Phofsit Daibuun: hin


      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hin³³/




    • (Teochew)


      • Peng'im: heng6


      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ̆ng


      • IPA (key): /hɯŋ³⁵/






  • Wu

    • (Shanghainese)


      • Wiktionary: hhen (T3)


      • IPA (key): /ɦəɲ²³/









  • Dialectal data▼












































































































































































Variety
 Location
edit

恨
Mandarin
Beijing
/xən⁵¹/

Harbin
/xən⁵³/

Tianjin
/xən⁵³/

Jinan
/xẽ²¹/

Qingdao
/xə̃⁴²/

Zhengzhou
/xən³¹²/

Xi'an
/xẽ⁴⁴/

Xining
/xə̃²¹³/

Yinchuan
/xəŋ¹³/

Lanzhou
/xə̃n¹³/

Ürümqi
/xɤŋ²¹³/

Wuhan
/xən³⁵/

Chengdu
/xən¹³/

Guiyang
/xen²¹³/

Kunming
/xə̃²¹²/

Nanjing
/xən⁴⁴/

Hefei
/xən⁵³/
Jin
Taiyuan
/xəŋ⁴⁵/ 仇～
/xəŋ⁵³/ ～人

Pingyao
/xəŋ⁵³/
/xəŋ³⁵/

Hohhot
/xə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
Shanghai
/ɦəŋ²³/

Suzhou
/ɦən³¹/

Hangzhou
/ɦen¹³/

Wenzhou
/ɦaŋ²²/
Hui
Shexian
/xʌ̃²²/

Tunxi
/xɛ¹¹/
Xiang
Changsha
/xən⁵⁵/

Xiangtan
/hən⁵⁵/
Gan
Nanchang
/hɛn²¹/
Hakka
Meixian
/hen⁵³/

Taoyuan
/hen⁵⁵/
Cantonese
Guangzhou
/hɐŋ²²/

Nanning
/hɐn²²/

Hong Kong
/hɐŋ²²/
Min
Xiamen (Min Nan)
/hun²²/

Fuzhou (Min Dong)
/hɔuŋ²⁴²/

Jian'ou (Min Bei)
/xaiŋ⁴⁴/

Shantou (Min Nan)
/hɯŋ³⁵/

Haikou (Min Nan)
/hun³³/




  • Middle Chinese: /ɦənH/▼




































































Rime

Character
恨

Reading #
 1/1

Initial (聲)
匣 (33)

Final (韻)
痕 (53)

Tone (調)
 Departing (H)

Openness (開合)
 Open

Division (等)
 I

Fanqie
胡艮切
Reconstructions

Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦənH/

Pan
Wuyun
/ɦənH/

Shao
Rongfen
/ɣənH/

Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦənH/

Li
Rong
/ɣənH/

Wang
Li
/ɣənH/

Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣənH/

Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
 hèn

  • Old Chinese▼


    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-q]ˤə[n]-s/


    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːns/































Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)

Character
恨

Reading #
 1/1

Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
 hèn

Middle
Chinese
 ‹ honH ›

Old
Chinese
/*[m-q]ˁə[n]-s/

English
 regret


Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:



* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;

* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;

* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;

* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;


* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.






































Zhengzhang system (2003)

Character
恨

Reading #
 1/1

No.
 3938

Phonetic
component
艮

Rime
group
文

Rime
subdivision
 1

Corresponding
MC rime
恨

Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯːns/




Definitions


恨



  1. to resent; to hate

  2. to regret; to pity


  3. hatred; dislike

  4. regret



Compounds



Derived terms from 恨












Descendants



Sino-Xenic (恨):


  • → Japanese: 恨 (こん) (kon)


  • → Korean: 한 (恨, han)


  • → Vietnamese: hận (恨)





Japanese



Kanji



See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 恨



恨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)


  1. to resent; to hate; be hostile to


Readings




  • Go-on: ごん (gon)


  • Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)


  • Kun: うらむ (uramu, 恨む, Jōyō); うらめしい (urameshii, 恨めしい, Jōyō).mw-parser-output .jouyou-reading{background-color:rgb(224,255,255);background-color:rgba(224,255,255,0.5)}



Compounds



  • 遺恨

  • 怨恨

  • 憎恨

  • 憤恨




Korean



Hanja


恨 • (han)



  • Eumhun:


    • Sound (hangeul): 한 (revised: han, McCune–Reischauer: han, Yale: han)


    • Name (hangeul): 한탄할 한



  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

See the Wikipedia entry on Han.




Vietnamese



Han character


恨 (hận, giận, hằn, hờn)


  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.



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